دانشگاه گیلان دانش شهرسازی 2645-5412 10 1 2026 03 21 The Impact of Urban Built Environment Components on Mental Health: A Systematic Review تأثیر مؤلفه‌های محیط ساخته‌شده شهری بر سلامت روان: یک مرور نظام‌مند 56 73 9666 10.22124/upk.2025.30781.2034 FA زینب اکبری سرحمامی پژوهشگر دکتری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایران مهران علی‌الحسابی دانشیار، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایران 0000-0002-0908-0516 Journal Article 2025 05 27 <strong>Introduction</strong>: With the rapid growth of urbanization and significant changes in the physical and social structures of cities, concerns about the impact of urban environments on mental health have intensified. Recent studies highlight those factors such as access to green spaces, housing quality, building density, and perceived safety are closely associated with mental health indicators, including depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being. This study aims to systematically review empirical research conducted between 2014 and 2024 to identify patterns in how components of the built urban environment influence the mental health of urban residents. <strong>Methodology</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>This study employed a systematic review approach based on the PRISMA framework to examine empirical research from the past decade concerning the impact of urban and built-environment components on mental health. A structured search was conducted across three major databases—PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar—using keywords related to urban environments and mental health. The search was limited to English-language original research articles published between 2014 and 2024. Following a multi-stage screening process and full-text review, 26 eligible studies were included in the final analysis. Data were extracted regarding study design, mental health assessment tools, and environmental variables and were analyzed using a combination of descriptive statistics and thematic synthesis to identify temporal trends and conceptual patterns in the relationship between urban environments and mental health. <strong>Results: </strong>Of the 575 records initially identified across PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar (2014–2024), 26 empirical studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. These studies employed diverse methodologies, predominantly cross-sectional designs, with only four studies utilizing longitudinal approaches. The studies were conducted across various countries, with China contributing the largest number of publications. Sample sizes varied substantially, ranging from fewer than 150 participants to more than 500,000, thereby enabling both detailed case-level insights and broader population-level generalizations. Several studies reported consistent associations between urban environmental factors—such as access to green space, housing quality, neighborhood safety, and spatial density—and mental health indicators, including depression, anxiety, and psychological distress. For example, higher levels of residential greenness were frequently associated with lower levels of stress and depressive symptoms, whereas poor neighborhood infrastructure and perceived insecurity were associated with poorer mental health outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of built-environment design in shaping mental well-being in urban settings. <strong>Discussion:</strong> The systematic review reveals a temporal shift in the way scholars conceptualize the relationship between urban environments and mental health. Earlier studies (2000–2010) predominantly focused on the psychological harms associated with poor housing quality, overcrowding, and environmental disorder. More recent research (2015–2021), however, has emphasized the salutogenic (health-promoting) role of urban features such as green space, neighborhood walkability, housing quality, and social cohesion. These features are increasingly recognized as environmental assets capable of mitigating depression, anxiety, and perceived stress. Furthermore, the thematic synthesis of the reviewed studies identified key mediating pathways—including social interaction, perceived safety, sense of belonging, and physical activity—through which urban environments influence mental health. These pathways are visually integrated into the conceptual framework presented in Figure 1, which summarizes the dynamic interplay between physical and social components of the urban environment and psychological outcomes. This evolving perspective underscores the importance of incorporating mental health considerations into urban design and planning processes in order to foster resilient and healthy communities.  <strong>Conclusion</strong>: This systematic review confirms that the urban built environment plays a crucial role in shaping mental health outcomes. While earlier studies from the 2000s highlighted the adverse psychological effects of poor housing conditions, more recent research (2015–2021) has shifted toward identifying protective environmental factors such as green-space accessibility, urban design quality, walkability, safety, and social cohesion. These components contribute to improved mental well-being through mechanisms such as enhanced social interaction, reduced environmental stress, and increased physical activity. However, the magnitude and direction of these effects are context-dependent, particularly in developing countries, where urban poverty, overcrowding, and inadequate infrastructure may amplify negative outcomes. The available evidence underscores the need for people-centered urban policies that integrate mental health considerations into planning processes, promote equity through inclusive design, and ensure community participation, thereby advancing both preventive mental health strategies and sustainable urban development. <strong>بیان مسئله:</strong> رشد شتابان شهرنشینی در دهه‌های اخیر همراه با تحولات کالبدی و اجتماعی در فضاهای شهری، تأثیرات چندلایه‌ای بر سلامت روان ساکنان شهرها بر جای گذاشته است. در این میان، عناصر محیط ساخته‌شده مانند فضاهای سبز، کیفیت مسکن، تراکم، طراحی معابر و انسجام اجتماعی، نقش معناداری در شکل‌گیری وضعیت روانی افراد ایفا می‌کنند. با وجود تعدد مطالعات تجربی در این حوزه، نبود یک مرور نظام‌مند جامع که بتواند الگوهای مشترک و شکاف‌های موجود را تحلیل کند، محسوس است. <strong>هدف:</strong> هدف پژوهش حاضر، مرور نظام‌مند مطالعات تجربی انجام‌شده در یک دهه اخیر (۲۰۱۴–2024) پیرامون تأثیر مؤلفه‌های کالبدی و اجتماعی محیط شهری بر سلامت روان، با هدف استخراج الگوهای علی و راهبردهای مداخله‌ای مبتنی بر شواهد است. <strong>روش:</strong> مطالعه با رویکرد مرور نظام‌مند بر اساس چارچوب PRISMA و با جستجو در پایگاه‌های PubMed، ScienceDirect و Google Scholar انجام شد. پس از غربالگری ۵۷۵ رکورد اولیه، در نهایت ۲۶ مطالعه تجربی واجد شرایط وارد تحلیل نهایی شدند. داده‌ها از طریق روش تماتیک و تحلیل مقایسه‌ای در قالب محورهای مفهومی استخراج گردیدند. <strong>یافته‌ها</strong>: یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد مؤلفه‌هایی مانند سبزینگی، طراحی شهری، انسجام اجتماعی، و کیفیت سکونت‌گاه‌ها از طریق متغیرهای میانجی مانند کاهش استرس، افزایش تعامل اجتماعی و حس تعلق، تأثیر مثبتی بر سلامت روان دارند. این تأثیرات در بافت‌های پرجمعیت و کشورهای در حال توسعه ملموس‌تر است. <strong>نتیجه ­گیری:</strong> مرور حاضر بر اهمیت طراحی محیط شهری انسان‌محور تأکید دارد. تدوین سیاست‌های مبتنی بر شواهد که به عناصر ارتقاءدهنده سلامت روان توجه داشته باشند، می‌تواند نقش مؤثری در بهبود کیفیت زندگی ساکنان شهری ایفا کند. نقشه مفهومی ارائه‌شده نیز چارچوبی برای تحلیل و مداخله در سطح سیاست‌گذاری فراهم می‌آورد. https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_9666_88dba7cd1a908b2edb88babc49f3fc41.pdf