دانشگاه گیلاندانش شهرسازی2645-54129420251222Examining The Effect of Spatial Variables on Housing Price (Case Study: Valiasr Neighborhood, Shiraz)بررسی تاثیر متغیرهای فضایی بر قیمت مسکن (نمونه مطالعاتی: محله ولیعصر شهر شیراز)119932510.22124/upk.2025.29689.2010FAفرهادنیکنژادکارشناس ارشد شهرسازی، بخش شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایرانخلیلحاجی پوراستادیار بخش شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران0000-0002-8018-7842مجتبیآراستهاستادیار بخش شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایرانJournal Article20250203<strong>Introduction</strong>:
Housing is a critical decision and a major investment for households, characterized by heterogeneity and the complex interaction of multiple intrinsic characteristics. Its value arises from a set of structural, spatial, and environmental characteristics. In developing countries such as Iran, rapid urbanization and policy challenges exacerbate housing issues and make it essential to understand the determinants of housing prices. This study addresses a research gap in Shiraz by quantitatively analyzing the impact of spatial variables on housing prices in Valiasr neighborhood using the Hedonic Pricing Method (HPM). The research classifies the variables into internal (physical-structural) and external (accessibility and environmental-spatial) indicators to build a reliable pricing model.
<strong>Methodology</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>This applied research has a descriptive-analytical and correlational approach. Data were collected from 117 housing transactions in Valiasr neighborhood from April to October 2022. Primary data collection included structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with real estate agents. From an initial set of 38 spatial variables, 27 variables were selected for the final analysis after applying scientific criteria.
Dependent Variable: Price per square meter (MPrice and its log form LnMPrice).
Independent Variables: Physical-structural indicators (e.g., usable area, year of construction, type of structure), accessibility (e.g., distance to metro, bus, parks), and environmental-spatial indicators (e.g., road width, security).
Spatial analysis was performed using GIS and Open Street Map (OSM)-based network analysis to calculate walkable distances to urban services. Statistical analysis and HPM estimation were performed in SPSS 26 software, and both linear and semi-logarithmic forms were tested through Enter and Stepwise regression methods.
<strong>Results: </strong>The comparison of the estimated models revealed that the semi-logarithmic model developed using the stepwise method (Model 4) was the most effective in explaining housing price variations.
Out of the 27 independent variables, only 6 were statistically significant in the best-fitted model (Model 4). The final estimated semi-logarithmic regression equation is as follows:
<strong>Ln(MPrice) = -6.954 + 0.018*(Build_age) + 0.012*(Width) + 0.155*(Security) + 0.002*(N_Area) - 0.649*(H_Typo) - 0.079*(Structure)</strong>
The results indicate:
Positive and Direct Effects: The variables floor area ratio(N_Area), year of construction (Build_age), road width (Width), and security (Security) have a positive and significant relationship with housing prices. This means newer buildings, larger usable areas, wider roads, and more security (e.g., alley guards) increase property values.
Negative Effects: The variables housing type (H_Typo) and structure type (Structure) have a negative and significant effect. Specifically, apartments (H_Typo) and concrete structures (Structure) were associated with lower prices per square meter compared to other types.
<strong>Discussion:</strong> The results highlight the important role of spatial variables in housing prices. The superiority of the semi-logarithmic model is consistent with some previous studies but contradicts others, highlighting the suitability of the model for any context. The positive effects of usable area and building age reflect preferences for spacious, modern houses. Road width and security emphasize the value of spatial and environmental quality. The negative associations with apartment type and concrete structures may reflect local market preferences or perceptions of quality and safety. The integration of HPM with GIS-based spatial analysis effectively decomposes housing value, with stepwise regression effectively identifying key predictors.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: This study provides a measurable model that identifies key spatial drivers of housing prices in Valiasr, Shiraz. The most influential factor is the building's construction year. The findings are valuable for:
Urban Planners: Informing evidence-based policies and development priorities.
Investors: Identifying opportunities and understanding market dynamics.
Policymakers: Designing targeted interventions and effective housing regulations.
Future research should expand the geographical scope, consider more detailed environmental variables, and apply spatial econometric techniques to address potential autocorrelation.<strong>بیان مسئله: </strong>بازار مسکن به عنوان بخشی حیاتی از اقتصاد، نقش تعیینکنندهای در ابعاد اجتماعی و اقتصادی ایفا میکند. تصمیمگیری برای خرید مسکن، برخلاف سایر کالاها، به دلیل ماهیت غیربازاری و پیچیدگی عوامل مؤثر، نیازمند تحلیل دقیق متغیرهای چندبعدی است.
<strong>هدف:</strong> پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر متغیرهای فضایی بر قیمت مسکن در محله ولیعصر شهر شیراز با استفاده از روش قیمتگذاری هدانیک (HPM) صورت گرفته است.
<strong>روش:</strong><strong> </strong>این پژوهش کاربردی با رویکردی نظاممند، ابتدا به تبیین مبانی نظری مسکن، ارزش و روشهای ارزشگذاری اقتصادی پرداخته و با بازشناسی مؤلفههای تأثیرگذار بر ارزش مسکن، متغیرهای فضایی را در دو دسته درونی (شاخصهای فیزیکی-ساختاری) و بیرونی (شاخصهای دسترسی و محیطی-مکانی) طبقهبندی نمود. دادههای تحقیق از طریق مصاحبههای ساختاریافته با مشاورین املاک و بررسی معاملات واقعی مسکن در محدوده مطالعاتی طی سال 2022 گردآوری شد. تحلیل فضایی با استفاده از نرمافزار GIS و دادههای Open Street Map انجام گرفت که در آن فاصله پیادهروی واحدهای مسکونی تا مراکز خدمات شهری از طریق تحلیل شبکه محاسبه شد. در نهایت، با بهکارگیری نرمافزار SPSS 26، مدلسازی قیمتگذاری هدانیک با استفاده از روشهای مختلف آماری صورت پذیرفت.
<strong>یافتهها</strong>: نتایج بدست آمده نشان داده است که مدل نیمه لگاریتمی بهترین تغییرات قیمت مسکن توسط متغیرهای مستقل در نمونه مورد بررسی را توجیه میکند و از بین 27 متغیر مستقل، 6 متغیر رابطه معناداری با قیمت مسکن دارد. این یافتهها حاکی از آن است که عوامل کالبدی-فضایی بر ارزش مسکن در محدوده مطالعاتی تأثیرگذار بودهاند.
<strong>نتیجهگیری:</strong> تحلیل مدل نهایی قیمتگذاری هدانیک نشان میدهد که از بین متغیرهای معنادار شناسایی شده، چهار متغیر دارای اثر مثبت و مستقیم بر قیمت مسکن هستند: مساحت مفید زیربنا، سال ساخت، عرض معبر، امنیت یا وجود نگهبانی کوچه در مقابل دو متغیر «گونه مسکن و نوع سازه» تاثیر منفی بر قیمت مسکن داشتهاند. این الگوهای تأثیرگذاری نشان میدهد که در محدوده مطالعاتی، ویژگیهای کمی و کیفی فیزیکی (مانند مساحت و سال ساخت) همراه با عوامل ایمنی-محیطی (مانند امنیت و عرض معبر) بیشترین تأثیر مثبت را بر ارزش مسکن داشتهاند، در حالی که برخی ویژگیهای ساختاری خاص اثر کاهنده بر قیمت داشتهاند.https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_9325_81bc8aec6aa58475c54df4f3ae133da2.pdfدانشگاه گیلاندانش شهرسازی2645-54129420251222The Role of Graphic Design in Redesigning Urban Spaces
Case Study: Rasht Municipality Cultural Pedestrian Zone Regeneration Projectنقش طراحی گرافیک در بازطراحی فضاهای شهری مطالعه موردی: پروژه بازآفرینی پیادهراه فرهنگی شهرداری رشت2041936610.22124/upk.2026.30896.2037FAرسولپروری مقدممربی، گروه ارتباط تصویری دانشکده هنر و معماری دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایرانJournal Article20250606<strong>Introduction</strong>:
Today, environmental graphics are known as one of the most effective tools in the fields of advertising, message transmission, and the dissemination of political, social, and cultural knowledge. In developed societies, this field of visual arts is considered a fundamental pillar of urban system structure. Environmental graphics refers to a set of visual elements and signs that are used in public spaces to facilitate, guide, and enrich urban pathways, functions, identities, and experiences for citizens and users of space. The aim of this art is to create visual order, increase spatial legibility and convey cultural, social and functional messages in urban spaces, and for this reason it has gained a prominent role in urban design.The concept of “urban regeneration” as a strategy for intervening in inefficient urban fabrics focuses on the physical, social, economic, and cultural revitalization of cities. Urban regeneration is a multidimensional process that seeks to breathe new life into worn-out or underused urban areas by improving the quality of space, preserving urban heritage, empowering residents, and enhancing social vitality. In this context, environmental graphics can play a decisive role in improving the spatial quality and identity of regeneration projects.An example of an urban intervention in Iran, in which the role of environmental graphics can be examined, is the regeneration project of Rasht Cultural Pedestrian Zone. As a cultural hub in northern Iran, Rasht, relying on its rich historical context, dynamic social space, and unique geographical location, provides a suitable platform for testing new ideas in urban design. The city's cultural pedestrian zone, located adjacent to the Municipality square and the historic bazaar, has been redesigned in recent years to become an interactive, tourist-friendly, and identity-oriented environment. Environmental graphics play a key role in shaping the identity of this space, creating visual harmony, facilitating social interactions, and attracting diverse audiences. Investigating the role of graphic design in the redesign of urban spaces, focusing on the Rasht Cultural pedestrian zone, provides insights into the visual capacities of urban regeneration and provides a practical model for other cities.
<strong>Methodology: </strong>This study is conducted with a qualitative and case-study approach and with an interpretive methodology, with an emphasis on visual content analysis and user experience. The statistical population includes citizens, tourists, urban managers, and designers involved in the Rasht Municipality Cultural pedestrian zone Reconstruction Project. Participants were purposively sampled based on their awareness and involvement in the project, including graphic designers, urban managers, and pedestrian zone users. Data were collected through field observation of graphic elements (such as color, typography, signage, and other graphic components), semi-structured interviews with 30 passersby, 3 project designers, and 4 municipal officials, and analysis of relevant documents and images (including maps, graphic designs, and before-and-after reconstruction photos). Data analysis was conducted using qualitative content analysis, thematic analysis of interviews, and visual analysis of graphic elements in the space.
<strong>Results and Discussion: </strong>Based on a mixed research method (including field observation, visual analysis, semi-structured interviews, and document/image review), the findings are organized into four analytical axes:
<strong>Signage and wayfinding system:</strong> Interview analysis shows that the design of signs and wayfinding systems has significantly improved spatial legibility and facilitated navigation. Almost 70% of passersby reported that it was easier to find their way around and found the use of local forms and colors both understandable and visually pleasing. The designers emphasized the localization of signs inspired by local culture and architecture. However, challenges such as the lack of maintenance guidelines and the wear and tear of some elements were noted by authorities and users.
<strong>Urban Identity and Branding: </strong>Graphic elements such as Gilaki poems, images of local celebrities, and local color schemes strengthened the sense of attachment and recognition of local identity among users. The project demonstrates a form of local branding, with the designers’ main strategy being to combine tradition and contemporaneity.
<strong>Exhibition Design and Spatial Narrative: </strong>The pedestrian space functions as a platform for urban narratives. The use of narrative panels, visual timelines, and cultural elements creates an interactive and thought-provoking experience. Interviewees emphasized that this narrative enhanced emotional engagement, increased pauses, and facilitated informal learning about the city’s history and culture. This approach is consistent with theories of spatial narrative and interactive space design.
<strong>Goals of urban regeneration: </strong>Officials, designers, and users perceived the graphic design as not merely decorative but purposeful and meaningful. Three primary goals were achieved: beautification, identity creation, and improved user experience. The space is described as pleasant, safe, and meaningful, with social dynamism and increased social capital as key outcomes. These results highlight the strategic potential of environmental graphics in urban regeneration.<strong> Conclusion:</strong> This study demonstrates that environmental graphic design can function as a strategic tool in the regeneration of urban space beyond decorative or promotional purposes. The Rasht Cultural pedestrian zone project, by incorporating local and meaningful visual elements, is an example of the interaction of graphic design, cultural identity, and user experience. Field observations revealed the integration of wayfinding signs with traditional Gilaki motifs, short local poems in proximity to wall graphics, and images of local figures such as Mirza Kuchak Khan and Dr. Heshmat. These elements, while transforming a passageway into a narrative and meaningful space, enhanced urban identity and branding. Directional signs, using warm local colors, simple arrows, and legible fonts, were positively rated by 70% of passersby interviewed and facilitated access to cultural sites such as the Kolah Farangi Building, Gilan Culture House, and the Sanaei Handicrafts Bazaar. Short Gilaki poems on walls, alongside graphic motifs inspired by local costumes (e.g., Golabtundozi, geometric Shamseh), elevated the user experience from a mere transit corridor to a cultural space. Visual timelines that narrate the history of Rasht from the Qajar period to the present day are installed along the sidewalk, encouraging interaction and pause, especially near the city council and Mosalla Square. The project successfully transformed this space from a simple transportation route into a meaningful urban place characterized by perceived security and social dynamism. Indicators of success include the continued presence of citizens, especially women, children, and the elderly; the presence of street artists and handicraft vendors; and the growth of cafes and bookstores along the sidewalk. Overall, the Rasht Cultural pedestrian zone Project demonstrates that when based on context-based, identity-based, and participatory design, environmental graphics can serve as a structural tool in urban regeneration. By harmoniously combining traditional and contemporary, functional, and aesthetic elements, the project provides a model for other cities in Iran.<strong>بیان مسئله: </strong>طراحی گرافیک محیطی یکی از مؤلفههای حیاتی در بهبود کیفیت تجربه شهروندان از فضاهای عمومی است که با ایفای نقشی میانرشتهای میان هنر، معماری و ارتباطات بصری، به ارتقای کیفیت بصری محیط، تقویت هویت مکانی و افزایش قابلیت استفاده و درکپذیری فضاهای شهری منجر میشود.
<strong>هدف:</strong> این پژوهش به بررسی نقش طراحی گرافیک محیطی در فرایند بازطراحی فضاهای شهری با محوریت پروژه بازآفرینی پیادهراه فرهنگی شهرداری رشت میپردازد. در پژوهش حاضر، مولفههای مختلف گرافیک محیطی، شامل سیستمهای علامتدهی و راهنمایی، فرآیند هویتبخشی و برندینگ شهری و طراحی نمایشگاهی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته است.
<strong>روش:</strong><strong> </strong>روش پژوهش کیفی و مبتنی بر مطالعه موردی است که دادهها از طریق مصاحبههای نیمهساختاریافته با شهروندان، طراحان و مدیران شهری و همچنین تحلیل بصری اجزای گرافیکی موجود در پیادهراه گردآوری شده است.
<strong>یافتهها</strong>: یافتهها نشان میدهد که گرافیک محیطی در پیادهراه شهرداری علاوه بر افزایش وضوح جهتیابی و کارکردی فضا، به تقویت حس تعلق مکانی و هویت جمعی کاربران نیز کمک قابل توجهی نموده است. علاوه بر این، استفاده از طراحی روایتمحور با بهرهگیری از دیوارنگارهها و تابلوهای داستانی، به خلق فضایی تعاملی و معنادار منتهی شده است که به افزایش مشارکت اجتماعی و تقویت سرمایه اجتماعی در محیط شهری کمک کرده است.
<strong>نتیجه گیری:</strong> این نتایج اهمیت گرافیک محیطی را بهعنوان ابزاری استراتژیک در فرایندهای بازآفرینی شهری نشان میدهد که میتواند کیفیت زیستی و هویت فرهنگی شهر را ارتقا دهد. در پایان، برای تدوین چارچوبهای جامع طراحی گرافیک محیطی در پروژههای بازآفرینی شهری، بر ضرورت انسجام میان هویت فرهنگی و نظم بصری در فضاهای شهری پیشنهاد میگردد.https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_9366_93ffcc34053f180d7d36831a68dd9cdd.pdfدانشگاه گیلاندانش شهرسازی2645-54129420251222The Capacity and Function of Murals in the Interaction and Improvement of Urban Spacesظرفیت و کارکرد دیوارنگاری درتعامل و بهسازی فضای شهری4259937010.22124/upk.2026.31792.2071FAمحمدکاظمی رادمربی گروه نقاشی، دانشکده معماری و هنر، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایرانJournal Article20250926<strong>Introduction</strong>:
: In contemporary urban life, the most significant elements of a city are its buildings and architectural structures. Although murals and the use of visual and decorative components were initially carried out with the aim of decorating architecture and public spaces, the transformation of urban structures in the modern era and the emergence of new urban planning concepts have turned the art of murals into a new and innovative phenomenon. Today, mural art has undergone many changes in its nature, scope and purpose and has become one of the fundamental branches of urban art. This art has cultural and historical significance and plays an important role in shaping the visual identity of urban spaces. Mural art also contributes to the cultural, educational and commercial life of citizens, and enhances community life, national identity and visual awareness. Despite the fact that mural art is one of the most effective tools in urban design – helping to beautify the environment, harmonize public spaces, and improve the quality of urban aesthetics – its role is often overlooked in architectural and design programs. However, in recent years, designers and urban planners around the world have shown increasing interest in this art form as a creative opportunity to energize urban environments and improve the quality of urban life, both in large cities and small towns.
<strong>Methodology</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>The present study uses a descriptive-analytical approach to explain and analyze the functions and visual elements of mural art in urban beautification and identity creation. Data collection was conducted through direct observation of urban spaces and review of relevant documentary materials. Also, this study has achieved comprehensive findings by using qualitative content analysis and using a wide range of library resources and academic databases, reviewing previous research and analysis in the field of mural art and urban spaces.
<strong>Results: </strong>Urban murals, as a type of visual arts that is mainly formed on walls, architectural buildings, and urban spaces, have diverse and extensive functions based on their existential nature and the type of connection and dependence they have on walls, architecture, and urban spaces, which can be observed and studied in various fields such as visual arts, architecture, urban planning, and even social sciences and communications.
<strong>Discussion: </strong>Meanwhile, considering the expressive structure of architectural structures and the visual nature of urban spaces, murals as an effective visual medium, with attention and a specialized and expert management approach, can achieve many urban cultural and social goals and objectives.
In addition to decorative functions and beautification of urban environments, its communication capabilities can be used to convey messages and axes that need to be conveyed to society.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: Urban mural art is generally shaped within the framework of societal beliefs, cultural values, and community interactions. The creation and development of murals occur through a continuous dialogue with urban communities and environments, transforming them into reflections of social identity and cultural expression. In other words, murals are a manifestation of urban life itself—formed by the structure, history, and spirit of the city. As one of the most dynamic forms of public art, murals evolve under the influence of geographical, climatic, and architectural factors, as well as unique cultural and social characteristics of each region. It acts as a mediator between architecture, space, and society, promoting harmony and movement between the physical form of the city and its cultural essence. The interdisciplinary nature of mural art allows it to engage with multiple fields such as architecture, urban planning and visual arts, offering a wide potential for creative and applied expression. Through its communicative and symbolic capacity, mural art contributes to the formation of cultural identity, spatial unity and urban beautification. By doing so, it increases the expressive potential of public spaces, transforms them into meaningful visual experiences, and strengthens the collective memory of urban society. Moreover, mural art plays an important role in beautifying cities, reducing visual pollution, and balancing the aesthetic rhythm of urban environments. By softening rigid architectural forms and controlling environmental dissonance, murals create a sense of comfort, relaxation, and visual balance, enriching the emotional and physical space of the city. Because murals interact harmoniously with the architecture, built environment, and cultural and historical context of their surroundings, they constitute an essential component of cultural regeneration and urban identity renewal. Future research and artistic activities in this field should emphasize creative collaboration between muralists, urban planners, and cultural managers, ensuring that mural design integrates artistic vision with urban function. Ultimately, through thoughtful design, artistic innovation, and cultural insight, murals can serve as a vital tool in shaping the aesthetic, social, and psychological well-being of modern cities. By promoting harmony, unity, and creativity, it not only improves the physical appearance of the urban environment, but also strengthens the spiritual and cultural identity of urban life.
<strong>بیان مسئله: </strong>در زندگی شهری معاصر مهمترین عناصر موجود در یک شهر، بناها و ساختمانهای آن است که زیبایی، هماهنگی و موزون بودن آنها میتواند علاوه بر زیباسازی محیط و فضای شهری، آسایش و سلامت ذهنی و روحی شهروندان را در پی داشته باشد. یکی از اصول اصلی شهرسازی، پرداختن به جنبه های زیبایی شناسانه است که اقدامات مرتبط با آن در بستر برنامه های راهبردی و عملیاتی در شهرها صورت می گیرد. اما مسئله ناهنجاریهای بصری و ناهمگونیهای عناصر محیطی و المانهای شهری در اختلاط و امتزاج با ساختوسازهای معماری و شهرسازی، معضلی است که مسئولین شهری بسیاری از کلانشهرها امروزه با آن روبهرو هستند.
<strong>هدف:</strong> با توجه به ارتباط بسیار نزدیک هنر و شهر، پژوهش حاضر به دنبال شناسایی ظرفیتها و قابلیتهای دیوارنگاری شهری و تبیین کارکرد و نقش آن در کمک به ساماندهی عناصر بصری و زیباسازی، هماهنگسازی و هویتبخشی به محیطهای شهری است.
<strong>روش:</strong><strong> </strong>روش این پژوهش بر اساس مشاهدات عینی و گردآوری اطلاعات و مستندات بهصورت کتابخانهای، با روش تحلیلی توصیفی صورت گرفته است.
<strong>یافتهها</strong>: دیوارنگاری شهری بهعنوان گونهای از هنرهای تجسمی که عمدتاً بر روی دیوارها و بناهای معماری و فضاهای شهری شکل میگیرد، بر اساس ماهیت وجودیاش و نوع ارتباط و وابستگیاش به دیوار و معماری و فضاهای شهری، دارای کارکردهای متنوع و گستردهای است که در حوزههای مختلفی چون هنرهای تجسمی، معماری، شهرسازی و حتی علوم اجتماعی و ارتباطات قابل مشاهده و بررسی هستند.
<strong>نتیجهگیری:</strong> دیوارنگاری شهری بهموجب ماهیت عمومی و ظرفیت ارتباطی و استقرارش در محیطهای شهری، امکان بیان و انتقال گسترده پیام در آثار و فضاهای شهری را فراهم میآورد و ضمن اینکه در امر هویتبخشی، به اشاعه، تحکیم و بازآفرینی هویت شهری نیز کمک میکند. همچنین دیوارنگاری، علاوه بر کارکرد تزئینی و زیباسازی فضاهای شهری، میتواند ضمن کنترل و کاستن ناهنجاریها و آلودگیهای بصری، به عنوان عامل مهمی به منظور تلطیف بناها و سازهها، ایجاد حس آسایش و آرامش بصری، آفرینش زیبایی و هماهنگی شکل و ریتم در آثار معماری و زیباسازی شهری نقش ارزشمندی ایفا کند. از اینرو دیوارنگاری را میتوان نوعی هنر چندوجهی دانست که اساساً ماهیت مشارکتی دارد و هماهنگی با محیط فضایی که در آن قرار میگیرد خواهد داشت و با توجه به عملکرد و کارآیی آن در حوزههای زیباشناختی، هویتبخشی و ارتباطی، در زیباسازی محیط و توسعه زندگی شهری نقشی کلیدی و اساسی ایفا میکند.https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_9370_90c1852d5706b7713dc003ed7e21508e.pdfدانشگاه گیلاندانش شهرسازی2645-54129420251222Assessing the Influence of Murals on Urban Furniture Design and Urban Landscape Quality; The Case of Rashtارزیابی اثرگذاری نقاشی دیواری در فرایند طراحی مبلمان شهری و نقش آن در ارتقاء کیفیت منظر شهری؛ مطالعه موردی شهر رشت6078936910.22124/upk.2026.31554.2061FAبهرامحمیدیاستادیار گروه گرافیک، دانشکده معماری و هنر، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایرانزینبرشوندمربی گروه نقاشی، دانشکده معماری و هنر، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایرانJournal Article20250901<strong>Introduction</strong>:<br />: Rasht, the capital of Gilan province, with its rich cultural and natural heritage, has the potential to become a leading model of human-centered urban landscape. Murals, as dynamic elements of urban furniture, can act as catalysts in strengthening place identity by creating a bridge between collective memory and contemporary space. The main issue of this research is to identify strategies to optimize these capacities based on the theoretical frameworks of Relph and Tuan, focusing on three pillars of strengthening place identity, deepening sense of attachment, and achieving authenticity.<br /><strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this research is to evaluate the impact of murals on the process of urban furniture design and improving the quality of the urban landscape of Rasht, within the framework of Relph (1976) and Tuan (1977), by analyzing three main dimensions: identity and sense of attachment, visual integrity, and the providing design strategies rooted in local culture and environmental conditions.<br /><strong>Methodology:</strong> This research was conducted with a descriptive–analytical and mixed-methods approach (library and field study). A total of 283 four-choice questionnaires were distributed among 64 citizens across six socio-demographic groups. The data were analyzed based on the indicators of cultural harmony, environmental compatibility, identity functions, media roles, aesthetic values, and interaction with the audience and the environment.<br /><strong>Findings & Conclusion:</strong> Murals that are in line with local culture (e.g., paintings of women rice farmers and Mirza Kuchak Khan) enhanced the sense of place and authenticity, while abstract works were assessed by 82% of respondents as works that were detached from the historical-cultural context. <br />Murals can only play a strategic role in urban furniture design and landscape enhancement if they reflect the local biome, adapt to environmental conditions, and respond to audience preferences. The main recommendation is that murals become “social interaction hubs” through participatory management guidelines.<strong>بیان مسئله</strong><strong>:</strong> هر رشت، مرکز استان گیلان، با دارا بودن سرمایههای غنی فرهنگی و طبیعی، ظرفیت تبدیل شدن به الگویی پیشرو در منظر شهری انسانمحور را دارد. نقاشیهای دیواری بهعنوان عناصر پویای مبلمان شهری، میتوانند با ایجاد پیوند میان حافظه جمعی و فضای معاصر، نقش کاتالیزوری در تقویت هویت مکانی ایفا کنند.<br /><strong>هدف</strong><strong>:</strong> سنجش تأثیر نقاشیهای دیواری بر فرایند طراحی مبلمان شهری و ارتقای کیفیت منظر شهری رشت با محوریت چارچوب رلف (1976) و توان (1977) و تحلیل سه محور: هویت و حس تعلق، یکپارچگی بصری و ارائه راهکارهای طراحی مبتنی بر فرهنگ محلی و شرایط محیطی.<br /><strong>روش:</strong> پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی و ترکیبی (کتابخانهای و میدانی) است. ۲۸۳ پرسشنامه چهارگزینهای میان ۶۴ شهروند در ۶ گروه سنی-اجتماعی توزیع شد. دادهها بر شاخصهای هماهنگی فرهنگی، انطباق محیطی، کارکردهای هویتی، رسانهای و زیباییشناختی، و تعامل با مخاطب و محیط تحلیل شدند.<br /><strong>یافتهها:</strong> آثار همخوان با فرهنگ محلی (مانند نقاشی زنان برنجکار و میرزا کوچکخان) حس مکان و اصالت را تقویت کردند، اما آثار انتزاعی به دلیل گسست از زمینه تاریخی-فرهنگی توسط ۸۲٪ مخاطبان بیارتباط ارزیابی شدند.<br /><strong>نتیجهگیری:</strong> دیوارنگارهها تنها با بازتاب زیستجهان محلی، انطباق محیطی و پاسخگویی به سلیقه مخاطبان میتوانند نقش راهبردی در طراحی مبلمان و ارتقای منظر ایفا کنند. پیشنهاد اصلی، تبدیل آنها به «کانونهای تعامل اجتماعی» از طریق دستورالعمل مدیریتی مشارکتی است.https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_9369_12494a79b857d1422ad69f8a7f6032cc.pdfدانشگاه گیلاندانش شهرسازی2645-54129420251222Investigating and Analyzing the Effectiveness of the Role of Art in Maintaining Calmness and Creating Vitality for Citizens in Social Crisesبررسی و تحلیل اثربخشی نقش هنر در حفظ آرامش و ایجاد نشاط شهروندان در بحرانهای اجتماعی7997936710.22124/upk.2026.31309.2048FAزهرامیرزایی نوخالهدانشجوی کارشناسی ارشدپژوهش هنر، دانشکده معماری وهنر، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایرانپریساآرونداستادیار گروه نقاشی، دانشکده معماری هنر، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت،ایرانJournal Article20250811<strong>Introduction</strong>:<br />Throughout human history, numerous devastating and widespread events have been recorded that have caused death and irreparable damage to humanity. From the perspective of the World Health Organization, such events disrupt the natural order and create a level of pain and suffering that is beyond the capacity and tolerance of the affected society and ultimately destroys human tolerance. In the present era, at the time of writing this research, COVID-19 was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, affecting citizens around the world. The coronavirus and the COVID-19 pandemic are one of the most important crises of the last century and the beginning of the third millennium, which have affected human life in all its dimensions, from cultural relations to social, political, and economic. This disease, as a destructive and global event, has brought undesirable consequences to humanity and created undesirable conditions in societies around the world. The aim of the present study is to examine the influential characteristics of art as a means of restoring happiness and calmness to citizens and helping them overcome critical and challenging situations such as COVID-19.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>This research was conducted with a mixed approach (quantitative and qualitative) and applied in nature. In terms of methodology, it is a descriptive-correlational study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews based on grounded theory, which were selected for their flexibility and depth. The sample comprised 60 faculty members and students from the Faculty of Art and Architecture at the University of Guilan, selected for their familiarity with art’s role in daily life. This purposive sampling ensured access to a population aware of the functions of art, thereby increasing the validity and reliability of the findings.<br /><strong>Result: </strong>The resulting model illustrates how conditions and interactions mediate the effectiveness of art, manifesting in outcomes like personal growth and the ability to tolerate grief. The final stage integrated and refined the theory by systematizing the connections between categories into a coherent narrative and visual model. This model describes the mechanisms of art to promote calmness and happiness during crises, conditional on the following:<br />Causal Conditions: Psychological distress and low morale caused by the crisis.<br />Contextual Conditions: Citizens’ emotional stability and readiness to cope.<br />Intervening Conditions: The presence of a prepared and reflective state of mind that facilitates engagement with art.<br />Actions and Interactions: Self- Understanding, participation in joyful artistic activities, and aesthetic appreciation.<br />Consequences: Enhanced psychological resilience and capacity to cope with grief. Six main components of the role of art in crisis were identified:<br /><br />Self-Understanding: Art enhances insight and emotional control, enabling individuals to navigate uncertainty and meaningfully contribute to social resilience.<br />Joyful Living: Artistic engagement cultivates psychological flexibility, helping individuals maintain optimism and adapt to adversity.<br />Grief tolerance: Creative expression acts serves as a therapeutic channel for coping with grief and pain, building emotional strength.<br />Balance and Management Capacity: Art enhances personality adjustment and creative problem-solving, and promotes empathy and moral awareness, which are crucial for social cohesion.<br />Growth and Maturity: By playing an educational role, art encourages cognitive growth, imagination, and the transformation of social norms, facilitating social progress after a crisis.<br />Awe and Admiration: By evoking wonder, art provides mental sanctuary and encourages solidarity, reducing isolation and fostering collective hope.<strong> </strong><br /><br />This research uniquely utilizes a comprehensive grounded theory paradigm model that simultaneously considers causal, contextual, and intervening conditions alongside actions and consequences, offering a holistic framework for understanding art’s efficacy in times of crisis. Unlike prior studies that have only addressed individual aspects, this model integrates multiple dimensions to explain how art stimulates both individual and social resilience. Furthermore, involving a knowledgeable sample of art professionals and students enriched the depth of the developed theory.<br /><strong> Discussion: </strong>In this study, data derived from 60 in-depth interviews with art faculty members and students were analyzed using a grounded theory methodology to examine the effectiveness of art in promoting calmness and vitality during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis was conducted after a systematic coding process including open, axial, and selective coding phases, supported by MAXQDA software to ensure accuracy and transparency. To ensure validity, the emerging theory was reviewed by participants, and adjustments were made. Test-retest reliability was calculated, showing an acceptable consistency coefficient of 67%, confirming the reliability and validity of the coding procedure. In the second phase, relationships between the categories were examined and structured around a central phenomenon, called the core category. Using a paradigm model, the data were organized into causal conditions, contextual factors, intervening conditions, actions/interactions, and consequences. The core category focused on the role of art in facilitating psychological relief and joyful interaction in the midst of crisis. Contextual factors such as achieving emotional equilibrium and an “aware and reflective mindset” were identified as critical moderators of the impact of art.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study provided a comprehensive model that explains how art effectively promotes calmness and vitality during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Using grounded theory and systematic coding of interviews with knowledgeable art professionals and students, the research identified key conditions—psychological distress, emotional stabilization, and mental readiness—that influence art’s impact. These conditions enable meaningful engagement with art through self-awareness, joyful activities, and aesthetic appreciation, which foster personal growth and resilience in the face of adversity. The proposed paradigm model uniquely integrates causal, contextual, and intervening factors with actions and outcomes, offering a holistic framework not previously applied in this field. Methodologically, this approach represents a novel contribution to understanding art’s role in enhancing mental well-being and social cohesion during unpredictable, widespread crises. The findings highlight the potential of artistic interventions as vital tools for supporting individuals and communities through challenging times.<strong>بیان مسئله: </strong>شیوع بیماری کووید ١٩ یکی از مهمترین بحرانهای اجتماعی مخرب سده اخیر در جهان است که حیات بشر را در همۀ ابعادش تحت تاثیر قرار داده و پیامدهای بیشماری در جوامع مختلف بر جا گذاشته است. این پیامدها نه تنها به واسطه مخاطره انداختن سلامت و حیات جسمانی انسان، بلکه به سبب اجرای سیاست هایی همچون فاصله گذاری های گسترده اجتماعی، قرنطینه های اجباری و ترک زندگی اجتماعی موجی از آسیب های منفی روحی و روانی مانند ترس، استرس، اضطراب تنهایی را در میان شهروندان جهان ایجاد نمود. این شرایط انزوا بیش از هر زمان دیگر نیاز به آرامش و دستیابی به نشاط و انگیزه زیستن را بطور بی سابقه ای در میان جوامع بشری مورد تاکید قرار داد.<br /><strong>هدف:</strong> این پژوهش به معرفی مولفه های تاثیرگزار هنر به عنوان عاملی در بازگرداندن نشاط و آرامش به شهروندان برای گذر از بحران های سخت در جامعه همچون کووید ۱۹ می پردازد.<br /><strong>روش:</strong><strong> </strong>پژوهش حاضر (کمی- کیفی) و تحلیل آن از منظر هدف، کاربردی است. جمعآوری دادهها نیز از طریق مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته انجام شده است. جامعه آماری بر اساس نظریه گراندد، تعداد ۶۰ نفر از اساتید و دانشجویان دانشکده هنر به عنوان نمونه های متخصص به عملکرد هنر در زندگی انتخاب شده است. این انتخاب اهمیت جامعه آماری مطلع به کارکرد هنر برای دستیابی به نتایج دقیق را فراهم آورده است.<br /><strong>یافتهها:</strong> شرایط زمینهای (فضای هنری) در تعادل یافتن افراد در مواجه با بحران های سخت به همراه ذهنی آماده و به یاد آورنده به عنوان شرایط مداخلهگر، کنشها و تعاملات حاصل از اثربخشی هنر را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد. این کنشها حاصل اثربخشی هنر و شامل درک خود، فعالیتهای شادی بخش، تحسین هنر میشود. در نهایت پیامدهای همچون تحمل اندوه و رشد را در شرایط سخت همچون بحران های سخت اجتماعی ایجاد مینمایند.<br /><strong>نتیجهگیری:</strong> یافتههای پژوهش حاضر نشان میدهد فعالیتهای هنری، از دیدگاه شهروندان آشنا به عملکرد هنر، نقش مؤثری درکاهش بار روانی و مدیریت اضطراب و استرس ناشی از بحران همهگیری داشته است. این فعالیتها با تقویت امیدواری و نشاط اجتماعی، به شهروندان کمک می نماید تا در برابر بحران های همه گیر اجتماعی، انگیزه و توان لازم برای ادامهی زندگی تا رسیدن به راهحل مناسب را حفظ نمایند. این نتایج بر اهمیت استفاده و توسعه برنامههای هنری در طراحی شهری بهعنوان راهکاری کارآمد در مقابله با پیامدهای روانیاجتماعی تاکید میکند.https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_9367_be7166cc92c7add90b1f89afc6af61a0.pdfدانشگاه گیلاندانش شهرسازی2645-54129420251222Transportation Planning to Reduce Private Car Usage with an Emphasis on Psychological Motivations
(Case Study: Regions 1 and 3 of Isfahan Metropolis)برنامهریزی حملونقل جهت کاهش استفاده از خودروی شخصی در مناطق 1 و 3 کلانشهر اصفهان با تأکید بر انگیزههای روانشناختی98117932410.22124/upk.2025.29122.1989FAمهدیبدریزادهکارشناس ارشد شهرسازی، گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایرانهمایوننورائیاستادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان؛ اصفهان، ایرانJournal Article20241208<strong>Introduction</strong> : Urban transportation has been shaped since World War II by focusing on private cars. Today, in most cities and countries, this focus is still evident in common planning methods. This is because using a car has many benefits for individuals, households, and society as a whole. In addition to providing easier access to different places, using a private car brings other benefits such as flexible scheduling, relatively shorter travel time, convenience, and lower incidental costs for individuals. However, along with the advantages of using a private car, there are also several disadvantages that have created significant risks to urban life. Among these are the increase in greenhouse gas emissions, traffic congestion in urban areas, significant waste of citizens' time in daily traffic, and the intensification of air pollution. In the Isfahan metropolis, along with various challenges in various areas related to the urban system, transportation issues have become one of the most serious challenges. It is worth noting that among all the regions of the Isfahan metropolitan, regions 1 and 3 can be considered as the most important and key regions of the city. Because many important urban activities are scattered in these regions, and from a systemic perspective, efforts to solve traffic problems in these regions, if effective and operational, can have positive and beneficial results not only for improving the situation in these areas but also for the entire transportation system of the Isfahan metropolis.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>The present study is applied research with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data collection was carried out by two methods: library and field. In the field study, the necessary information was obtained by visiting regions 1 and 3 of Isfahan and distributing questionnaires among 677 citizens. SPSS software was used for descriptive and inferential data analysis, and System Dynamics and Vensim software were used to integrate the results. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate that factors such as cost, comfort, convenience, control, safety, power, self-confidence, and the competence of car owners, along with their related indicators, have had the greatest impact the use of private cars.<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> The use of private cars in Isfahan is one of the major challenges in the areas of transportation and urban planning. This is not only an environmental and economic concern, but also has profound impacts on the daily lives of citizens. Examining this phenomenon from different perspectives – including traffic congestion, air pollution, urban space occupation, reduced pedestrian safety, economic burden, and impacts on the overall quality of life – can help to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the challenges and potential solutions to address them. The first and most obvious problem caused by the use of private cars in Isfahan is traffic congestion. Heavy traffic during peak hours reduces vehicle speeds, increases travel time, and increases driver stress. Furthermore, increased congestion negatively impacts the efficiency of the public transport network, causing increased delays and reduced system reliability. This ultimately reduces citizen satisfaction and reduces their willingness to use public transport services. The second major issue related to the use of private cars is air pollution. Private cars are among the main sources of emissions of gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, all of which contribute significantly to the reduction of air quality. This pollution has direct adverse effects on the public health and general well-being of citizens. In addition, air pollution exacerbates respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and hinders the achievement of public health goals. The third issue is the occupation of urban space by private vehicles. Irregular and unauthorized parking practices lead to encroachment on public spaces and reduced access to public facilities and green areas. As a result, these conditions reduce urban liveability and increase residents’ sense of insecurity in public spaces. The fourth issue concerns the reduction in safety for pedestrians and cyclists. Heavy traffic and reduced driver attention increase the likelihood of accidents and injuries among vulnerable road users. Finally, the use of private cars imposes a significant financial burden on citizens. These costs include fuel consumption, vehicle maintenance, insurance premiums, and parking fees, all of which can pose serious challenges for many households and lead to economic and financial strain.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The main factor identified in reduction of private car use in regions 3 and 1 is instrumental value, as the lack of adequate public transport infrastructure has led citizens to prioritize convenience and control. However, the findings indicate that positive attitudes toward sustainable transportation and social norms can moderate these motivations. In particular, citizens who are aware of the environmental benefits are more likely to reduce car use.<strong>بیان مسئله: </strong>حملونقل شهری از زمان جنگ جهانی دوم، با تمرکز بر روی خودروی شخصی شکل میگیرد. امروزه نیز در اکثر شهرها و کشورها، این تمرکز هنوز در شیوههای معمول برنامهریزی به چشم میخورد. چرا که استفاده از خودرو مزایای بسیار زیادی را برای افراد، خانوارها و کل جامعه در بر دارد. استفاده از خودروی شخصی علاوه بر اینکه امکان دسترسی راحتتر افراد به موقعیتهای مکانی گوناگون را فراهم میآورد، مزایای دیگری نظیر زمانبندی منعطف، زمان سفر نسبتاً کمتر، راحتی و هزینۀ حاشیهای کمتر را برای افراد فراهم میآورد. اما در کنار مزایایی که استفاده از خودروی شخصی فراهم میسازد، معایب بسیاری را میتوان برشمرد که حیات شهرها را با خطرات بسیاری مواجه ساخته است.<br /><strong>هدف:</strong> هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر، برنامهریزی جهت کاهش معضلات و مشکلات ترافیکی مناطق 1 و 3 شهر اصفهان، با تأکید بر انگیزههای روانشناختی مؤثر در کاهش استفاده از خودروی شخصی است.<br /><strong>روش:</strong><strong> </strong>پژوهش جاری از جمله تحقیقات کاربردی است که با رویکرد توصیفی – تحلیلی انجام میپذیرد. جهت جمعآوری اطلاعات از دو روش کتابخانهای و میدانی استفاده شده که در بخش میدانی، اطلاعات مورد نیاز با حضور در مناطق 1 و 3 شهر اصفهان و توزیع پرسشنامه در میان 677 نفر از شهروندان استخراج گردیده است. برای انجام تحلیلهای توصیفی و استنباطی دادهها از نرمافزار SPSS و برای تلفیق نتایج، از روش پویایی شناسی سیستمها و نرمافزار Vensim استفاده شده است.<br /><strong>یافتهها</strong>: نتایج نشان میدهند مؤلفههای هزینه، آسایش، راحتی، تحت کنترل بودن، ایمنی، قدرت، اعتماد به نفس و صلاحیت مالکان به همراه سنجههای مربوطه، بیشترین تأثیر را بر استفاده از خودروی شخصی داشتهاند.<br /><strong>نتیجه گیری:</strong> برای کاهش استفاده از خودروی شخصی در مناطق 1 و 3، راهکارهایی در سه سطح کوتاهمدت، میانمدت و بلندمدت ارائه گردیده و دستگاههای اجرایی میتوانند با تخصیص بهینهی منابع و زمان، استفاده از خودروی شخصی را به تدریج کاهش دهند.https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_9324_affb977eb2bdb5e70ac51b3ff9336011.pdfدانشگاه گیلاندانش شهرسازی2645-54129420251222Representing National Identity in Urban Furniture Design Inspired by Sassanian Textile Motifsبازنمایی هویت ملی در طراحی مبلمان شهری با الهام از نقشمایههای منسوجات ساسانی118137936810.22124/upk.2026.31454.2056FAامیرشعبانی پورمربی گروه نقاشی ، دانشکده معماری و هنر، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایرانمرضیهتراجیاستادیار گروه ارتباط تصویری، دانشکده معماری و هنر، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایرانJournal Article20250819<strong>Introduction</strong>:
: Urban transportation has been shaped since World War II by focusing on National identity is represented in urban space through symbols and artistic elements, and one of the important areas for achieving this goal is the design of urban furniture. Urban furniture, as one of the tangible elements in contact with citizens, has a high capacity to instill the cultural and historical values of society. Representing the cultural and historical characteristics of a society in the form of form, color, and motifs not only helps to increase the beauty of public spaces but also strengthens the sense of belonging to cultural history among citizens. Given the influx of alien Western images and symbols, recognizing identity components in society is essential. The present study examines how national identity is represented in urban furniture design with the idea of Sassanid textile motifs. The aim of the research is to identify the motifs of Sasanian textiles from a visual perspective and to examine their capacity to adapt to form and function in urban furniture and to exploit the motifs in line with the effectiveness of processes to strengthen the sense of cultural belonging and represent national identity in urban spaces. The aim of the applied research is to explain the visual characteristics of the motifs of Sasanian textiles and the representation of national identity in urban furniture design.
<strong>Methodology</strong><strong>:</strong> The research method of this research is qualitative and descriptive-analytical and has been conducted with the approach of visual content analysis of Sasanian textile motifs. The research is also practical in terms of purpose and the required data has been collected through library studies and examination of visual documents.
<strong>Results:</strong> The increasing spread of urbanization, migration of marginalized people, and population growth have led to congestion in public spaces and uses. Urban furniture is a solution for beautifying and optimizing the appearance of the urban environment.
<strong>Discussion: </strong>The components of form and function can lead to a sign of the formation of national identity in urban space, and when the motifs are coordinated with the functional requirements of urban furniture, their design becomes effective in the contemporary era.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> The conscious use of Sasanian motifs and creating harmony with form and function will enhance the beauty of the environment and restore the historical memory of citizens. Sasanian motifs have great potential in contemporary design due to their combination of visual aesthetics and semantic richness. For example, several elements in urban furniture such as benches, lighting, trash cans, and railings have been designed with inspiration from Sasanian textile motifs. The use of new ideas based on history, civilization, and territorial culture elevates urban furniture from a purely functional and instrumental level to a cultural and social level, transforming it into a medium for expressing cultural identity. This can strengthen the sense of cultural belonging and spatial identity of citizens, so that citizens feel a living connection with historical and national heritage in their daily interactions with furniture. Creating urban furniture with identity eliminates the visual uniformity of inauthentic designs in urban spaces. Finally, it can be concluded that the representation of national identity in urban furniture design is not a decorative option, but an identity and cultural necessity in the process of improving the environmental quality of today's Iranian cities. The creative use of Sasanian motifs in urban furniture design, in addition to responding to functional needs, helps to improve the aesthetic quality of public spaces and strengthen sustainable urban identity; which is an undeniable necessity for futuristic and identity-oriented urban design. Sasanian motifs in urban furniture design not only lead to aesthetic richness visually, but also help to strengthen the sense of belonging and spatial identity of citizens by reflecting national identity in urban space. The presented designs are an example of this representation, in which historical motifs have been transformed into a functional role.<strong>بیان مساله:</strong> هویت ملی در فضای شهری از طریق نمادها و عناصر هنری بازنمایی میشود و یکی از عرصههای مهم برای تحقق این هدف، طراحی مبلمان شهری است. مبلمان شهری به عنوان یکی از عناصر ملموس و در تماس با شهروندان ظرفیت بالایی برای القای ارزشهای فرهنگی و تاریخی جامعه دارد. بازنمایی شاخصههای فرهنگی و تاریخی یک جامعه در قالب فرم، رنگ، نقشمایه نه تنها به افزایش زیبایی فضاهای عمومی کمک میکند بلکه حس تعلق به تاریخ فرهنگی را در میان شهروندان تقویت میسازد. با توجه به هجوم تصاویر و نمادهای غربی بیگانه، شناخت مولفههای هویتی در جامعه امری ضروری به حساب میآید. پژوهش حاضر به بررسی چگونگی بازنمایی هویت ملی در طراحی مبلمان شهری با ایده از نقشمایههای منسوجات ساسانی میپردازد.
<strong>هدف:</strong> هدف پژوهش، شناسایی نقشمایههای منسوجات ساسانی از منظر بصری و بررسی ظرفیت آنها برای انطباق با فرم و عملکرد در مبلمان شهری و بهرهبرداری از نقشمایهها در راستای اثربخشی فرآیندهای تقویت حس تعلق فرهنگی و بازنمایی هویت ملی در فضاهای شهری است. هدف پژوهش کاربردی و تبیین ویژگیهای بصری نقشمایههای منسوجات ساسانی و بازنمایی هویت ملی در طراحی مبلمان شهری است.
<strong>روش:</strong> روش پژوهش به صورت کیفی و تحلیلی توصیفی است و با رویکرد تحلیل محتوای بصری نقوش منسوجات ساسانی صورت گرفته است همچنین پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی است و دادههای مورد نیاز از طریق مطالعات کتابخانهای و بررسی اسناد تصویری گرداوری شده است.
<strong>یافتهها:</strong> با تحلیل محتوای بصری نقشمایهها ظرفیت بازنمایی هویت ملی و قابلیت ترجمه به زبان طراحی معاصر در قالب فرمهای سادهشده و هندسی ارائه شد. مولفههای فرم و عملکرد میتوانند منجر به نشانهای از شکلگیری هویت ملی در فضای شهری باشند و هنگامی که نقشمایهها با الزامات عملکردی مبلمان شهری هماهنگ شوند طراحی آنها در در دوره معاصر کارامد میشود.
<strong>نتیجهگیری:</strong> استفاده آگاهانه از نقشمایههای ساسانی و ایجاد هماهنگی با فرم و عملکرد حس تعلق فرهنگی، ارتقای زیبایی محیط و بازسازی حافظه تاریخی شهروندان را موجب میشود .نقشمایههای ساسانی به دلیل ادغام زیباییشناسی بصری، غنای معنایی، قابلیت بالایی در طراحی معاصر دارند. https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_9368_0891382658bbc5bc6ae4137069a23ec7.pdfدانشگاه گیلاندانش شهرسازی2645-54129420251222Designing a Context-Aware Gamification Framework for Tourist Experience in the Historical Urban Fabric of Hamedanطراحی چارچوب مفهومی بومی برای بازیوارسازی تجربه گردشگری در بافت تاریخی شهر همدان138156937110.22124/upk.2026.31281.2050FAمحمدبشیررباطیدانشجوی دکتری گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.کیومرثحبیبیاستاد گروه شهرسازی ، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی ، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.امیرشکیبامنشدانشیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر ایران، تهران، ایران.Journal Article20250808<strong>Introduction</strong>: In recent years, the challenges facing historical urban fabrics—such as cultural degradation, infrastructure pressure, and declining visitor experiences—have prompted the search for innovative approaches to urban tourism management. Gamification, as an emerging design strategy grounded in game elements (e.g., mission, reward, storytelling, challenge), offers significant potential to enrich tourist experience, increase engagement, and promote sustainable behaviors. However, many existing frameworks in tourism gamification are overly abstract, technology-driven, and insufficiently responsive to the socio-cultural and spatial complexities of historic urban contexts, particularly in the Global South. This study aims to design a localized conceptual model for integrating gamification into the sustainable management of urban tourism, with a particular focus on the historical core of Hamedan, Iran. By combining quantitative, qualitative, and expert consensus methods, the research develops a context-sensitive framework that bridges digital technologies, user motivation, spatial experience, and soft governance.
<strong>Methodology</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>The study employed a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design in four integrated phases:
Quantitative Survey (n=384): A structured questionnaire assessed tourists’ and locals’ perceptions of five core dimensions of gamified experience (spatial design, motivational mechanisms, storytelling, urban design, and emotional experience). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis tests to identify perceptual patterns among local residents, domestic tourists, and international tourists.
Qualitative Interviews: Semi-structured interviews with five experts in urban design, tourism, and interactive technologies were thematically analyzed to deepen understanding and enrich the framework.
Delphi Process: A three-round Delphi method with selected experts was used to validate and refine the proposed conceptual model. Iterative feedback led to the inclusion of institutional prerequisites and contextual constraints.
Data Integration & Modeling: A comparative and conceptual synthesis of all data sources produced a multi-layered model structured around causal, contextual, mediating, and outcome-oriented factors.
<strong>Results: </strong>Quantitative Phase:
All five dimensions received relatively positive mean scores across all groups (>3.5), indicating a shared favorable attitude toward gamified tourism.
No statistically significant differences were found among the three groups (p > 0.05), though slight variations suggest nuanced perceptual differences.
International tourists placed greater emphasis on narrative and spatial clarity, while residents emphasized functional concerns and local relevance.
Qualitative Phase:
Thematic analysis yielded seven core components, categorized across causal, mediating, contextual, and outcome dimensions:
Causal: Local engagement, narrative immersion
Mediating: Gamified design, smart management, contextual constraints, institutional readiness
Outcome: Experience economy, place attachment, cultural continuity
Core Category: The integration of "interactive and motivational experience within a framework of soft governance" emerged as the central concept of the model, connecting cultural storytelling, participatory design, and digital tools.
Delphi Validation:
Expert feedback led to refinements in the model structure and highlighted institutional capacity, inter-organizational collaboration, and technological feasibility as critical enabling factors.
<strong>Discussion: </strong>The framework aligns with Self-Determination Theory (Ryan & Deci, 2000), Experience Economy (Pine & Gilmore, 1999), and soft urban governance models, offering a hybrid perspective that addresses both user experience and policy implications. Moreover, the model offers actionable insights for urban policy-makers seeking to align tourism development with heritage preservation and community empowerment.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>:This research offers a localized conceptual framework for gamifying sustainable urban tourism in historical contexts. The model bridges theory and practice by integrating motivation, narrative design, smart technologies, and participatory governance. Key contributions include:
A multi-layered model contextualized in a Global South city
A process-oriented methodology combining empirical data and expert consensus
Insights into balancing technological innovation with cultural authenticity and institutional feasibility
Rather than serving merely as a layer of entertainment, gamification is reconceptualized here as a strategic instrument for mobilizing visitor engagement, fostering local empowerment, and promoting the long-term sustainability of urban heritage systems.<strong>بیان مسئله: </strong>بافتهای تاریخی شهری در سالهای اخیر با چالشهایی همچون تضعیف هویت فرهنگی، فشار بر زیرساختها و کاهش کیفیت تجربه بازدیدکنندگان مواجه شدهاند. در این میان، بازیوارسازی بهعنوان یک رویکرد نوین طراحی مبتنی بر عناصر بازی (مانند مأموریت، روایت، پاداش و چالش)، ظرفیت بالایی برای ارتقای مشارکت گردشگران و رفتارهای پایدار دارد. بااینحال، اغلب چارچوبهای موجود در این حوزه، انتزاعی، فناورانهمحور و نامتناسب با پیچیدگیهای فرهنگی و فضایی بافتهای تاریخی، بهویژه در کشورهای جنوب جهانی، هستند.
<strong>هدف:</strong> هدف این پژوهش، طراحی یک مدل مفهومی بومیشده برای ادغام بازیوارسازی در مدیریت پایدار گردشگری شهری با تمرکز بر بافت تاریخی شهر همدان است.
<strong>روش:</strong><strong> </strong>این مطالعه با بهرهگیری از طرح پژوهش آمیخته اکتشافی و در چهار مرحله انجام شد: ۱) پیمایش کمی با نمونه ۳۸۴ نفره از گردشگران و ساکنان؛ ۲) مصاحبههای نیمهساختاریافته با پنج خبره حوزه طراحی شهری، گردشگری و فناوری تعاملی؛ ۳) اجرای سه مرحلهای روش دلفی برای اعتبارسنجی مدل مفهومی؛ و ۴) تلفیق دادهها و ساخت مدل نهایی با استفاده از رویکرد تحلیلی-مفهومی.
<strong>یافتهها</strong>: تحلیل دادهها به شناسایی چهار لایه اصلی در مدل منجر شد: عوامل علی (مانند مشارکت محلی و غوطهوری روایی)، عوامل زمینهای (مانند ظرفیت نهادی و محدودیتهای زیرساختی)، مکانیزمهای مداخلهگر (شامل طراحی بازیوار و مدیریت هوشمند)، و پیامدها (همچون پیوند با مکان و اقتصاد تجربه). مفهوم مرکزی مدل، "تجربه تعاملی و انگیزشی در چارچوب حکمرانی نرم" شناسایی شد.
<strong>نتیجه گیری:</strong> مدل پیشنهادی، با تلفیق نظریههای انگیزشی، اقتصاد تجربه و حکمرانی نرم، چشماندازی بومی و کاربردی برای بهکارگیری بازیوارسازی در بافتهای تاریخی ارائه میدهد. این مدل نهتنها به ارتقای کیفیت تجربه گردشگران کمک میکند، بلکه ابزاری برای توانمندسازی جوامع محلی و حفاظت پایدار از میراث شهری محسوب میشود.https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_9371_c066b208a678a7450775cdda1a488da9.pdfدانشگاه گیلاندانش شهرسازی2645-54129420251222From the Culture of Poverty`s Myth to the Poverty-Producing Systems` Reality; A Critical Reading of Underprivileged Life in Dowlatabad and Koliabad, Kermanshahاز اسطوره فرهنگ فقر تا واقعیت نظامهای فقرزا: خوانشی انتقادی از زیست فرودستان در دولتآباد و کولیآباد کرمانشاه157176907310.22124/upk.2025.31408.2054FAکسریآشوریاستادیار، گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایرانپویاجودی گل لراستادیار، گروه مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشگاه تبریز، آذربایجان شرقی، ایرانJournal Article20250814<strong>Introduction</strong>:
Poverty is not simply a lack of assets or income; it is a way of social existence, that is shaped in the context of lived experience. While policymakers typically limit poverty to quantitative indicators, conservative approaches tend to attribute it to the alleged cultural characteristics of the poor. The discourse of “culture of poverty”— which holds the poor responsible for their condition— conceals the underlying structures of economic and political inequality. This discourse, which has its roots in the works of Oscar Lewis, has been reproduced in Iranian urban politics since the 1990s, presenting concepts such as the “culture of laziness” or “subsidy dependency” as inherent characteristics of the poor. In such a context, the experience of poverty becomes intertwined with spatial exclusion, stigmatization, and silencing. The present study, adopting a <em>critical ethnography</em> approach, conducts a comparative examination of two informal settlements in Kermanshah—Dowlatabad and Koliabad (Aghajan)—to examine the extent to which the discourse of "culture of poverty" can explain the diverse realities of these neighborhoods.
<strong>Methodology</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>This research uses a critical ethnographic approach to expose structural dominance, analyze inequalities, and amplify marginalized voices. Data for this study were collected using tools such as in-depth participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and field notes. The sample included 48 residents of Dowlatabad and 39 residents of Koliabad, selected through cluster random sampling to reflect diversity in age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Data were coded and analyzed using MAXQDA software in four analytical axes: (1) stigma and place identity, (2) marginal mentality and institutional trust, (3) intergenerational reproduction of poverty, and (4) cultural adaptation/resistance and everyday agency.
<strong>Results: </strong>The analysis shows that both neighborhoods under study are products of the interaction between structural forces (housing policies, labor market dynamics, historical inequalities) and the micro-level actions of residents.
Settlement in both neighborhoods reflects a combination of necessity (inability to enter the formal housing market) and opportunity (cheap land, incremental construction, kinship networks). The population of Dowlatabad is predominantly Kurdish and Sunni, with strong support networks acting as informal social security. This neighborhood benefits from a more regular street network, an active local market, and a diverse retail offering than Koliabad. In contrast, Koliabad has a more ethnically and religiously mixed population, irregular street patterns, lower quality infrastructure and poorer urban services – yet semi-public spaces such as small squares and communal courtyards play an important role in social interaction. In both neighborhoods, the economy is based on “survival strategies” and low-capital occupations, making it difficult to escape the cycle of poverty. Social stigma and negative stereotypes are common in both neighborhoods, leading to concealment of address, especially among young women. In both neighborhoods, a short-term orientation towards immediate needs (presentism) was observed, although in Dowlatabad, the presence of a local bazaar and park has made some social interactions more structured.
<strong>Social stigma</strong><strong> </strong><strong>and place identity</strong>: Both neighborhoods are plagued by negative urban stereotypes that reinforce spatial concealment, particularly among young women – significantly in Dowlatabad for women and in Koliabad for both genders. In Dowlatabad, despite social stigma, the local bazaar and kinship ties enable symbolic resistance and a relative redefinition of place identity. In Koliabad, stronger social stigma combined with infrastructural deficiencies, limits the public sphere and reinforces self-concealment. Where social stigma converges with inadequate services and perceived insecurity, it transforms from a mere stereotype into a mechanism for “access control”—to jobs, formal networks, and even symbolic dignity. In Dowlatabad, markets and in-group networks help to “neutralize” some of this control; in Koliabad, the lack of such levers makes social stigma the core of place identity.
<strong>Marginal mentality and institutional trust</strong>: Distrust of formal institutions and experiences of social exclusion exist in both neighborhoods, but in Dowlatabad, dense in-group ties and support networks mitigate this to some extent. In Koliabad, institutional distrust is exacerbated by the blockage of opportunities, leading to social withdrawal.
<strong>Intergenerational reproduction of poverty</strong>: In Dowlatabad, an active market, specific educational pathways, and relative occupational diversity allow a minority to break the cycle of inherited low-income jobs. In Koliabad, early school leaving, precarious manual labor, and lack of skill- training opportunities keep the cycle of poverty almost uninterrupted. In Dowlatabad, the local market acts as an engine of “daily stability,” and when educational or financial capital is introduced— especially highly educated families—awareness of the “ceiling” of daily wage incomes increases and fosters occupational diversity. In Koliabad, early exit from education and the lack of safe arenas for skills training reinforce the intergenerational cycle of low-skilled labor.
<strong>Cultural adaptation/resistance and everyday agency</strong>: In Dowlatabad, micro-acts of resistance—such as creative appropriation of urban spaces for small businesses and self-help in home-based workshops—are evident. In Koliabad, the scope of resistance is more limited, and adaptation often takes the form of mere survival in limited circumstances.
The combination of these four axes shows that Dowlatabad, despite local stigma (especially in Mehr housing) and the prevailing “ethic of surveillance,” is a neighborhood of “possibility” due to its active market, dense intragroup networks, and relatively coherent spatial organization—where poverty is more relative and fluid than absolute and fixed, and the gap between “daily stability” and “medium-term mobility” can be reduced through educational/financial capital. In contrast, Koliabad is an example of “closure”: spatial stigma, lack of services, and institutional neglect shorten educational-occupational paths and narrow mobility horizons to the point that the residents of this area themselves describe themselves as “cursed.”
<strong>Discussion</strong>: Comparing the two neighborhoods suggests that the micro-level elements typically commonly categorized as “culture of poverty”—such as resigned contentment, occupational inheritance, self-concealment, or institutional distrust—are not markers of an unchanging “cultural essence,” but rather adaptive responses to an unequal architecture of opportunity. When the <em>spatial opportunity structure</em> is more open—accessible labor markets, legible street networks, supportive social ties, and a minimal level of security and services—families can transform adaptation into constructive resistance and create narrow pathways for mobility. When this structure collapses, the same characteristics become a cycle of despair. In this sense, the “neighborhood of hope” / “neighborhood of despair” dichotomy is not a moral label, but a diagnostic tool for assessing the quality of opportunity structures and the impoverishing intensity of space.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: The theoretical implication is clear: while the classic “culture of poverty” thesis may describe certain observable micro-patterns, it is inadequate at the macro scale without links to politics and space. What reproduces poverty is not “culture” itself, but a set of poverty-generating mechanisms embedded in urban planning and governance—from rigid standardization (lot sizes, building codes) and failure to implement development plans that are appropriate to local contexts, to the unequal distribution of services and the criminalization/stigmatization of informality. In such circumstances, behavioral-focused reforms remain ineffective. Only structural reforms—gradual improvements in space and opportunity—can slow or break the cycle. This study confirms that changing space is the most effective policy for changing culture.<strong>بیان مسئله: </strong>این پژوهش با رویکرد اتنوگرافی انتقادی، تجربه زیسته گروههای فرودست شهری در دو سکونتگاه خودانگیختهی شهری دولتآباد و آقاجان کرمانشاه را واکاوی میکند. نقطهی عزیمت این مطالعه، نقد گفتمان فرهنگ فقر بهعنوان روایتی ایدئولوژیک است که فقر را محصول باورها و الگوهای رفتاری فقرا، نه نتیجهی ساختارهای نابرابر اقتصادی–سیاسی، معرفی میکند. این گفتمان، در سیاستگذاری شهری ایران نیز، بهویژه از دهه ۱۳۷۰ به بعد، به شکلهای آشکار و پنهان بازتولید شده است.
<strong>هدف:</strong> این نوشتار به بازخوانی روایتهای ساکنان برای آشکارسازی پیوند میان تجربه فردی، ساختارهای سلطه، اشکال مقاومت و الگوهای بازتولید فقر و نقد نگاه فرهنگگرایانه به فقر میپردازد.
<strong>روش:</strong><strong> </strong>مطالعه حاضر با بهرهگیری از مشاهدهی مشارکتی عمیق، مصاحبههای نیمهساختیافته (۴۸ مصاحبه در دولتآباد و ۳۹ مصاحبه در آقاجان) و یادداشتبرداری میدانی، به بازخوانی روایتهای ساکنان پرداخته است. تحلیل دادهها با نرمافزار MAXQDA و بر اساس چهار شاخص اصلی ذهنیت حاشیهنشین، بازتولید نسلی فقر، برچسبزنی و انگ اجتماعی و مقاومت فرهنگی و سازگاری انجام شد تا پیوند میان تجربه فردی و ساختارهای سلطه، اشکال مقاومت، و الگوهای بازتولید فقر آشکار گردد
<strong>یافتهها</strong>: یافتهها نشان میدهد که هرچند هر دو محله در بستر محرومیت ساختاری و طرد فضایی شکل گرفتهاند، اما مسیرهای زیست و مقاومت در آنها تفاوتهای معناداری دارد. دولتآباد با معابر عریضتر، بازارچههای محلی و شبکههای اجتماعی متنوع، فضایی برای کنش اقتصادی خرد و بازتعریف هویت مکانی ایجاد کرده است. در مقابل، آقاجان با زیرساختهای محدود، انسداد دسترسی و کمبود فرصت شغلی پایدار، بازتولید نسلی فقر را تشدید و ظرفیت سازگاری را کاهش میدهد.
<strong>نتیجه گیری:</strong> این پژوهش نشان داد فقر نه «فرهنگیِ گریزناپذیر»، که «فرآیندی فقرزا»ست که در پیوندِ ساختار–فضا–قدرت شکل میگیرد. هر جا ساختِ فرصت به سود تهیدستان تغییر کند، فرهنگ نیز تغییر میکند؛ و این همان درس مرکزی قومنگاری انتقادی برای برنامهریزی شهری است: تغییر فضا، سیاستِ مؤثرِ تغییر فرهنگ است.https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_9073_04808cae2a4fdc746489e902184bffd4.pdfدانشگاه گیلاندانش شهرسازی2645-54129420251222Analysis of Urban Resilience Dimensions against Environmental Hazards in Lorestan Provinceتحلیل ابعاد تاب آوری شهری در برابر مخاطرات محیطی در استان لرستان177203953610.22124/upk.2026.32908.2116FAسامانابی زادهاستادیار، گروه هنر و معماری، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایرانJournal Article20260205<strong>Introduction</strong>:
Natural hazards constitute one of the most significant challenges facing human societies worldwide, causing extensive economic losses, environmental degradation, and human casualties each year. Countries with complex geological and climatic conditions, such as Iran, are particularly vulnerable to a wide range of environmental hazards. Among these regions, Lorestan Province stands out due to its unique combination of geological structures, including active tectonic systems, diverse lithological formations, and variable climatic patterns. These characteristics collectively contribute to the high susceptibility of the region to hazards such as earthquakes, floods, droughts, and land subsidence. The increasing frequency and intensity of such hazards, coupled with rapid urbanization and unplanned development, have significantly amplified the vulnerability of both urban and rural settlements. In many cases, human activities—such as improper land use, deforestation, and unsustainable exploitation of natural resources—have further exacerbated the impacts of natural hazards. Therefore, reducing potential damages requires a comprehensive understanding of hazard distribution and the identification of high-risk areas. One of the most effective strategies in disaster risk reduction is spatial analysis and zoning of hazards. By identifying areas with varying levels of risk, policymakers and planners can develop targeted strategies for mitigation, preparedness, and resilient urban development. In this context, the present study aims to evaluate environmental hazard risks in Lorestan Province and identify vulnerable population centers using a spatially integrated approach. This research contributes to improving disaster management strategies and enhancing resilience through informed planning and decision-making.
<strong>Methodology</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>This study is applied-developmental in nature and adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to assess environmental hazards in Lorestan Province. The research methodology is based on the integration of quantitative spatial analysis and qualitative interpretation of environmental and socio-economic data.
Data collection was carried out using multiple sources to ensure accuracy and comprehensiveness. These sources included library-based studies, statistical data from urban management organizations, population data from the Iranian Statistics Center, and technical standards derived from the Iranian National Building Code (Code 2800). This code provides a standardized framework for seismic hazard zoning and plays a critical role in assessing structural vulnerability across the country. To evaluate hazard vulnerability, several spatial information layers were utilized, including earthquake hazard zoning, flood-prone areas, subsidence zones, and drought indices. These layers were developed based on the guidelines of Code 2800 and data from the Building and Housing Research Center. Additional environmental parameters—such as slope, elevation, land use, rainfall, lithology, and proximity to faults and water networks—were incorporated to enhance the accuracy of hazard assessment. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), specifically ArcGIS software, were employed as the primary analytical tool. GIS enabled the integration, processing, and spatial analysis of multiple data layers, facilitating the identification of hazard-prone zones across the province. Through overlay analysis and spatial modeling, different hazard categories were classified into risk levels ranging from low to very high. Furthermore, drought conditions were analyzed using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), which combines temperature and precipitation data to provide a comprehensive measure of climatic stress. The use of remote sensing data, including ETM satellite imagery and NDVI indices, also contributed to the analysis of land use patterns and vegetation cover. Overall, the methodology emphasizes a multi-hazard, multi-criteria approach, allowing for a holistic assessment of environmental risks in Lorestan Province.
<strong>Results: </strong>The findings of this study reveal that Lorestan Province is highly exposed to multiple environmental hazards, primarily due to its geographical location and anthropogenic influences. The spatial analysis indicates that several urban and rural settlements are located within high-risk and very high-risk zones. Specifically, ten cities—Poldokhtar, Shulabad, Sepiddasht, Biran Shahr, Chalachulan, Firuzabad, Nurabad, Haft Cheshmeh, Venai, and Barkhordar—were identified as being situated in areas with significant hazard exposure. These areas are characterized by a combination of seismic activity, flood susceptibility, and environmental instability, making them particularly vulnerable to disaster events. In addition to residential areas, industrial zones are also at considerable risk. The industrial towns of Khorramabad 3 and Dorud 1, along with the Ali Mirzayi Nurabad industrial zone, are located within high-risk zones. This highlights the potential for severe economic losses and disruptions in critical infrastructure in the event of natural disasters. The analysis further demonstrates that environmental hazards in the province are not solely natural phenomena but are also influenced by human activities. Improper land use planning, expansion of settlements into hazard-prone areas, and insufficient consideration of environmental constraints have intensified the level of risk. Discussion: A comparative analysis of population distribution and settlement patterns in high-risk areas reveals significant disparities across the province. The cities of Khorramabad and Delfan have the highest number of rural populations residing in high-risk and very high-risk zones. This indicates a critical need for targeted risk reduction strategies in these areas, particularly in rural communities where infrastructure and emergency response capacities may be limited. In contrast, the counties of Rumeshkan, Kohdasht, and Chegini exhibit relatively lower populations in high-risk zones. While this may suggest reduced vulnerability, it does not eliminate the need for preventive measures, as even low-population areas can experience severe impacts during hazard events. The concentration of population in hazardous areas underscores the importance of integrating risk assessment into regional planning. It also highlights the necessity of adopting non-structural measures such as land-use regulation, public awareness programs, and disaster preparedness initiatives. From a non-operational defense perspective, improving resilience requires a combination of spatial planning, infrastructure strengthening, and community-based risk management.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: The results of this study indicate that environmental hazards pose a serious threat to both urban and rural areas in Lorestan Province. More than 600 villages, with a total population exceeding 105,000 people, are located in high-risk zones. This represents a substantial proportion of the province’s population and emphasizes the urgency of implementing effective risk mitigation strategies. Among these settlements, the villages of Rabat (Khorramabad), Pachehlak Gharbi (Azna), and Hemmatabad (Borujerd), each with populations exceeding 200 residents, are identified as the most populous high-risk villages. These areas require immediate attention in terms of disaster preparedness, infrastructure resilience, and relocation planning where necessary. In conclusion, the study highlights the critical role of spatial analysis and GIS-based approaches in identifying vulnerable areas and supporting informed decision-making. Policymakers and planners should prioritize hazard zoning in development plans and adopt integrated strategies to reduce vulnerability and enhance resilience. Future research should focus on dynamic risk modeling and the incorporation of socio-economic factors to further improve hazard management frameworks. <strong>بیان مسئله: </strong>مخاطرات طبیعی همه ساله خسارات زیادی را در سراسر جهان و از جمله ایران بوجود میآورد. استان لرستان به دلیل خصوصیات متنوع زمین شناسی نظیر لیتولوژی, تکتونیک و شرایط خاص آب و هوایی, از جمله مناطق دارای پتانسیل مخاطرات زیست محیطی است. برای کاهش خسارات ناشی از این مخاطرات، اولین و مهم ترین کار تعیین مناطق با پتانسیل بالای خطر است.
<strong>هدف:</strong> این پژوهش ارزیابی ملاحظات ایمنی و پدافند غیرعامل در مخاطرات محیطی با رویکر آمایشی استان لرستان است.
<strong>روش:</strong><strong> </strong>براین اساس پژوهش حاضر بر اساس هدف کاربردی-توسعهای است و از لحاظ ماهیت و روش، توصیف- تحلیلی است. ابزار و روشهای گردآوری اطلاعات از طریق روش کتابخانهای و آمار و اطلاعات سازمانهای شهری، سرشماری، مرکز آمار ایران و آیین نامه 2800 ساخت و ساز در کشور میباشد. به منظور تحلیل خطر زلزلهخیزی در استان لرستان از لایه اطلاعاتی مربوط به پهنهبندی خطر زلزله، سیل، فرونشست و خشکسالی براساس آیین نامه 2800 مرکز تحقیقات ساختمان و مسکن در سطح کشور استفاده شده و وضعیت استان و مراکز جمعیتی آن از این منظر مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته است. پدیده مخاطرات محیطی از قبیل سیل، زلزله، خشکسالی و فرونشست در لرستان، پیامد موقعیت جغرافیایی و پویشهای انسانی آن بودهاست. لذا در این پژوهش مدیریت ریسک و بحران مخاطرات طبیعی و محیطزیست با نرمافزار ArcGIS تحلیل شدهاست.
<strong>یافتهها</strong>: یافتههای پژوهش مشخص کرد که پهنهبندی کلیه مخاطرات طبیعی 10 شهر، پلدختر، شول آباد، سپیددشت، بیرانشهر، چالاچولان، فیروزآباد، نورآباد، هفت چشمه، ونایی و برخوردار در پهنههای پرمخاطره و بسیار پرمخاطره واقع شدهاند. همچنین در بین شهرکها و نواحی صنعتی استان دو شهرک صنعتی خرم آباد3 و دورود1 و ناحیه صنعتی علی میرزایی نورآباد در پهنههای پرمخاطره و بسیار پرمخاطره واقع شدهاند.
<strong>نتیجهگیری:</strong> نتایج نشان میدهد که بیش از 600 آبادی در استان لرستان با جمعیتی بالغ بر 105 هزار نفر در پهنههای پرمخاطره و بسیار پرمخاطره واقع شدهاند که در بین آنها سه روستای رباط (شهرستان خرم آباد)، پاچه لک غربی (شهرستان ازنا) و همت آباد (شهرستان بروجرد) با جمعیتی بیش از 200 نفر پرجمعیت ترین روستاهای واقع در پهنه های پرمخاطره و بسیار پرمخاطره بودهاند.https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_9536_68db955d1d9b50ef60d2a4d63aa30314.pdf