دانشگاه گیلان دانش شهرسازی 2645-5412 10 2 2026 06 22 Evaluation of Key Factors Influencing the Realization of Sustainable Housing within the context of Circular Economy under Conditions of Uncertainty: A Future Study in the City of Yazd ارزیابی پیشران‌های مؤثر بر تحقق مسکن پایدار در بستر اقتصاد چرخشی تحت شرایط عدم‌قطعیت: مطالعه‌ای آینده‌پژوهانه در شهر یزد 1 22 9665 10.22124/upk.2026.30525.2026 FA علی نادری دانشجوی کارشناس ارشد، گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران مهسا زرندی دانشجوی کارشناس ارشد، گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران محسن رفیعیان دانشیار، گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران Journal Article 2025 04 28 Introduction: Urban population growth, resource scarcity, and environmental degradation necessitate innovative urban development models. Sustainable housing, a critical component of urban systems, mitigates environmental impacts, enhances resilience, and improves quality of life. Conventional linear housing planning faces challenges such as rising environmental costs and resource inefficiency. The circular economy, which emphasizes material recycling, waste reduction, and the integration of renewable energy sources (e.g., solar energy), offers a transformative framework for sustainable housing. Yazd, located in Iran’s central plateau, faces rapid population growth, increasing housing demand, water scarcity, and spatial inequalities that threaten sustainability. Despite its rich cultural heritage and significant solar-energy potential, inefficiencies in material recycling and policy coordination hinder progress. Previous studies in Iran have focused primarily on the technical or social dimensions of housing while neglecting the integration of circular-economy principles and futures-oriented planning. This study identifies the key factors influencing sustainable housing in Yazd through a circular-economy lens, employing futures studies to forecast trends and develop policy scenarios under conditions of uncertainty. It provides a localized framework for Yazd that can be scaled to similar arid cities, thereby enriching the literature on urban planning and sustainability. Methodology: Conducted in Yazd, a culturally significant city with unique climatic challenges, this study adopted a futures-studies approach using structural and cross-impact analysis through MICMAC software. The research process consisted of the following steps: Literature Review: Criteria were extracted from scientific publications and strategic planning documents. Expert Interviews: Semi-structured interviews with urban planning and environmental experts were conducted to identify key factors and uncertainties. Delphi Technique: A panel of 12 experts scored a 20 × 20 cross-impact matrix (0 = no effect; 3 = strong effect) to assess interactions among factors. MICMAC Analysis: The data were analyzed to classify factors as key, dependent, or regulatory variables. Sensitivity Analysis: Perturbations of ±5% and ±10% were applied to 20 indicators (e.g., C02: material recycling, C04: waste management, and C20: solar energy) using MATLAB, and changes in rankings were visualized. Results: MICMAC analysis revealed a complex system with a matrix fill rate of 71%, indicating dense interactions among factors (284 of 400 relationships were significant: 116 no effect, 99 weak, 90 moderate, and 95 strong). Total influence and dependence scores were balanced at 564. Key findings include: Influential Factors: Material recycling (C02), waste management (C04), and the housing–security–happiness linkage (C08) exhibited high levels of direct influence (Figures 3 and 4). Dependent Factors: Green technology adoption (C01), institutional coordination (C16), and solar-energy capacity (C20) were highly dependent variables. Dominant Dimensions: Environmental factors (e.g., recycling and climate change) and social factors (e.g., quality of life) were dominant, whereas technological and managerial factors were primarily dependent. Sensitivity Analysis: C02 and C04 were highly stable (0–3 ranking changes), C08 exhibited moderate stability (3–7 ranking changes), whereas C01, C18 (local resource utilization), and C20 were highly sensitive (16–18 ranking changes), reflecting systemic vulnerabilities. Influence–dependence maps and graphical analyses identified C02, C04, and C08 as key drivers, while potential relationships highlighted the need for adaptive and dynamic planning strategies. Discussion: The study maps a dynamic network for sustainable housing in Yazd that depends on environmental, social, technological, and institutional strategies: Resource Recycling: The prominence of C02 and C04 is consistent with studies identifying recycling and waste management as core pillars of the circular economy. Yazd’s industrial waste streams (e.g., steel and tile waste) offer significant circularity potential, requiring investment in recycling infrastructure. Quality of Life: The role of C08 in promoting social sustainability, supported by studies on resident satisfaction, suggests that innovative approaches such as product–service systems (PSS) can enhance social acceptance. Green Technologies: The high sensitivity of C01 and C20 underscores Yazd’s considerable solar-energy potential while highlighting barriers to adoption, thereby necessitating greater technological investment. Institutional Coordination: The instability of C16 reflects governance challenges that require stronger policy alignment and stakeholder collaboration. Policy Implications: The proposed framework, which is scalable to other arid cities, integrates recycling, technology, and governance while emphasizing social acceptance. Policymakers should prioritize the development of recycled-material databases, investment in solar-energy infrastructure, community engagement initiatives, and enhanced institutional coordination. Conclusion: This study provides the first structural and sensitivity-based futures analysis of sustainable housing within a circular-economy framework in a desert city of the Global South. The combination of MICMAC structural analysis and local sensitivity assessment revealed that the future of Yazd’s housing system depends on a small set of highly influential yet differentially robust drivers. Three drivers proved highly stable and dominant across direct, indirect, potential, and perturbed conditions: the rate of building-material recycling (C02), the efficiency of construction-waste management (C04), and the relationship between housing and residents’ sense of security and happiness (C08). These variables constitute the robust backbone of the system and should serve as the non-negotiable core of any effective policy package. In contrast, technology adoption (C01), local resource utilization (C18), solar-energy integration (C20), and inter-institutional coordination (C16) exhibited high sensitivity, with ranking shifts of up to 18 positions under ±5–10% perturbations. بیان مسئله: شهر یزد با رشد سریع جمعیت و محدودیت شدید منابع طبیعی، با چالش جدی تأمین مسکن پایدار مواجه است. برنامه‌ریزی کنونی مسکن عمدتاً بر الگوی خطی استوار است و پیوند مؤثری با اصول اقتصاد چرخشی (بازچرخانی مصالح، انرژی تجدیدپذیر و کاهش ضایعات) برقرار نکرده است. این شکاف موجب افزایش هزینه‌های زیست‌محیطی، هدررفت منابع و نابرابری دسترسی به مسکن گردیده است. هدف: هدف این پژوهش، شناسایی پیشران‌های کلیدی مؤثر بر تحقق مسکن پایدار با رویکرد اقتصاد چرخشی است تا مبنایی برای بازطراحی سیاست‌های شهری در یزد فراهم کند و الگویی مقیاس‌پذیر برای سایر شهرهای کویری ارائه دهد. روش: روش پژوهش مبتنی بر آینده‌پژوهی ساختاری، تکنیک دلفی، تحلیل تأثیرات متقابل با نرم افزار میک‌مک و تحلیل حساسیت با نرم افزار متلب است. یافته‌ها: تحلیل ساختاری میک‌مک و تحلیل حساسیت محلی نشان داد که پیشران‌های پایدار و محرک اصلی نظام مسکن پایدار یزد عبارتند از: نرخ بازیافت مصالح ساختمانی (C02)، کارایی مدیریت پسماند ساختمانی (C04) و ارتباط مسکن با احساس امنیت و شادی (C08) که در همه سطوح مستقیم، غیرمستقیم و بالقوه دارای بالاترین تأثیرگذاری و پایداری رتبه‌ای بودند. در مقابل، پیشران‌های پذیرش فناوری‌های سبز در ساخت‌وساز (C01)، بهره‌برداری از منابع محلی (C18)، ظرفیت تولید انرژی خورشیدی (C20) و هماهنگی بین نهادهای شهری (C16) با وجود اثرپذیری بالا، حساسیت بسیار زیاد از خود نشان دادند و به‌عنوان پیشران‌های شکننده و بحرانی سیستم شناسایی شدند. نتیجه گیری: موفقیت این گذار وابسته به تقویت همزمان سه اهرم پایدار (بازچرخانی مصالح، مدیریت چرخشی پسماند و ارتقای کیفیت زندگی اجتماعی) و پایدارسازی سریع پیشران‌های شکننده (پذیرش فناوری سبز، انرژی خورشیدی و هماهنگی نهادی) است. ماتریس سناریوهای ۲×۲ نشان می‌دهد تنها ترکیب «هماهنگی نهادی بالا + پذیرش فناوری سبز بالا» به «جهش سبز یزد» منجر می‌شود؛ در غیر این صورت، شهر با پیشرفت کند، نوآوری‌های پراکنده یا رکود چرخشی مواجه خواهد شد.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_9665_e92c54795a00114494282cd93509f509.pdf

دانشگاه گیلان دانش شهرسازی 2645-5412 10 2 2026 06 22 The Role of Public Art in Organizing Citizens' Spatial Perception; An Analysis of the Locating and Function of Rural People's Sculptures in Rasht نقش هنر شهری در سازماندهی ادراک فضایی شهروندان: تحلیل مکان‌یابی و کارکرد مجسمه‌های مردمان روستایی در رشت 23 41 9673 10.22124/upk.2026.31366.2051 FA زینب رشوند مربی گروه نقاشی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران بهرام حمیدی استادیار گروه گرافیک، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران Journal Article 2025 08 10 Introduction: The city, as a spatial and social phenomenon, is defined by its physical markers, sense of place, and cultural depth. In this context, urban art—especially public sculptures—has a dual function: as carriers of spatial meaning and symbols, they visually organize the environment while also conveying cultural narratives. This research aims to investigate the role of rural-themed sculptures in Rasht, considering them as key elements of urban art that influence citizens' spatial perception and contribute to the strengthening their sense of place attachment. The study seeks to answer the following pivotal questions: Do these sculptures function as cognitive and identity landmarks in urban space? How do the spaces imagined by their designers align with the lived experiences of the citizens? And through Barthes' semiotic lens, what cultural and ideological discourses do these sculptures perpetuate? The main objective is to examine the location, function, and impact of these artistic elements on residents' spatial perception, while also evaluating their effectiveness in enhancing the sense of attachment to the city’s urban environment. Methodology: This study employs a combination of qualitative and analytical-critical approaches, and utilizes field observation, visual analysis, and symbolic content analysis. Results: Only through citizen participation, cultural authenticity, and critical dialogue can these sculptures become effective tools in strengthening attachment to place and a dynamic urban identity. Discussion: The findings indicate that although the sculptures of villagers in Rasht are ostensibly designed as media and identity-building elements to enhance a sense of place belonging, in practice, their lack of alignment with citizens' lived experiences, spatial integrity, and respect for diverse discourses has limited their impact on deeper levels of place identity. To increase the effectiveness of these elements in strengthening the sense of place attachment, it is essential that the process of designing and placing them takes into account citizen feedback and is reproduced in a participatory and culturally diverse approach. Conclusion: Table for Analyzing Rural People's Statues in Rasht City Using Kevin Lynch's Approach Lynch's Theory Elements Characteristics of Rural Statues in Rasht Current Status Impact on Spatial Legibility Improvement Suggestions Landmarks Height: 1.5 to 2.5 meters Visual elements: Straw hat, fishing basket, and sickle. Location: Squares, parks, and bridges Some are weak to moderate, some are low in height, and some are in low-traffic areas. Limitations: Only detectable in specific areas. Lack of 360-degree visual access. Increase the height to at least three meters. Install in strategic locations. Improve visual accessibility. Paths Installation Location: City Hall Square, Golsar Bridge, and Farhang Square. It is connected to high-traffic areas. Weaknesses: Some main exterior routes. Lack of connection to pedestrian paths. Limitations / Ineffective Role in Way-finding: Failure to Create Narrative Paths Install along high-traffic routes. Creation of pedestrian walkways. Connection to the urban navigation system Nodes Key locations: City Hall Square and major intersections. Role as a focal point Some are located in central areas, some in important nodes, and some in peripheral areas. Incoordination and lack of creating a coherent network, as well as spatial dispersion Focus on installing the main nodes. Create identity clusters. Connect the nodes together. Districts Representation of Rural Culture/Creating a Sense of Place in Public Spaces Weaknesses: - Lack of a separate area - Lack of connection between sculptures Limitations or failure to create a sense of regional identity. Failure to strengthen place memories. Creating distinct identity zones. Creating meaningful connections between sculptures. Designing a region-based approach. Edges Position at spatial boundaries and connections to urban entries. Weakness: More in spatial centers, and less in meaningful places. Very limited or unsuccessful definition of urban boundaries. Install at city entry points. Define meaningful boundaries. Create transition points. بیان مسئله: شهر به‌عنوان پدیده‌ای فضایی-اجتماعی از طریق شاخص‌های کالبدی، هویت مکانی و غنای فرهنگی قابل شناخت است. در این میان، هنر شهری و به‌ویژه مجسمه‌های عمومی به‌عنوان حامل‌های معنایی و نشانه‌های فضایی، نقشی دوگانه در سازماندهی بصری محیط و انتقال روایت‌های فرهنگی ایفا می‌کنند. هدف: پژوهش حاضر با تمرکز بر مجسمه‌های مردمان روستایی در شهر رشت، به بررسی کارکرد این عناصر هنری در سازماندهی ادراک فضایی شهروندان و تقویت حس تعلق مکانی می‌پردازد و نسبت میان فضای بازنمایی‌شده توسط طراحان و فضای زیسته شهروندان را بر اساس گفتمان فرهنگی بازتولیدشده در چارچوب نشانه‌شناسی رولان بارت مورد پژوهش قرار می دهد. روش: روش پژوهش ترکیبی از رویکرد کیفی و تحلیلی-نقدی بوده و بر پایه مشاهده میدانی، تحلیل بصری و تحلیل محتوای نمادین انجام شده است. یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که اگرچه این مجسمه‌ها در ظاهر با هدف تقویت هویت فرهنگی و ایجاد حس تعلق مکانی طراحی شده‌اند، اما به دلیل ناهماهنگی با تجربه زیسته شهروندان، نبود انسجام فضایی و غفلت از گفتمان‌های چندصدا، تأثیرگذاری آن‌ها در سطح عمیق هویت مکانی محدود باقی مانده است. نتیجه گیری: نتیجه‌گیری پژوهش تأکید می‌کند که تنها با بهره‌گیری از رویکرد مشارکتی، توجه به تنوع فرهنگی و شکل‌دهی گفت‌وگوی انتقادی می‌توان از این آثار به‌عنوان ابزاری کارآمد در تقویت حس تعلق مکانی و پویایی هویت شهری بهره گرفت. این مطالعه با تلفیق دیدگاه‌های لینچ، لوفور و بارت چارچوبی تحلیلی چندلایه برای ارزیابی هنر شهری ارائه می‌دهد که امکان بازاندیشی در طراحی فضاهای عمومی بر پایه مشارکت شهروندان را فراهم می‌سازد.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_9673_649b11196a330529686e0b4eb68cc716.pdf

دانشگاه گیلان دانش شهرسازی 2645-5412 10 2 2026 06 22 The Role of Urban Planning in the marginalizing the Urban Poor (A Critical Reading of the Reproduction of margin in Iranian Cities) نقش برنامه‌ریزی در به حاشیه رانده شدن تهی‌دستان شهری (خوانش انتقادی بازتولید حاشیه در شهرهای ایران) 42 74 9675 10.22124/upk.2026.32419.2094 FA میلاد دوستوندی دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران کیومرث ایراندوست استادگروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران 0000-0001-5812-8574 Journal Article 2025 12 01 Introduction: The rapid growth of informal settlements and the systematic exclusion of low-income urban populations have become chronic urban issues in Iran. These issues cannot be attributed solely to demographic pressures, housing shortages, or individual choices. Rather, they reflect the complex interplay of a rentier political economy, speculative land markets, neoliberal reforms, and the chronic inefficiencies of the urban planning system. Although global scholarship emphasizes that urban marginality is shaped by power relations and capitalist modes of spatial production, dominant policy discourses in Iran continue to frame informal settlements as purely technical or physical problems. This conceptual misalignment contributes to a continuous cycle in which cities function as arenas for capital accumulation, enabling groups with political and economic power to reshape urban space while displacing or excluding low-income populations. This structural process deepens spatial injustice, exacerbates socio-spatial fragmentation, and entrenches urban poverty. This study aims to critically investigate the multiscale mechanisms through which low-income groups are marginalized in Iranian cities. The analysis focuses on three interrelated levels: the macro level (political economy, state capitalism, and rent-driven accumulation), the meso level (urban planning institutions, land-use regulations, and planning discourses), and the micro level (resistance and adaptive strategies of marginalized residents). Methodology: Adopting a critical urban studies approach rooted in the political economy of space, this study employs critical analysis, documentary review, policy analysis, and comparative assessment. Data were collected from national reports, statutory plans, urban policy documents, academic studies, and global case literature. Results: The study revealed several key findings.1. Macro-level political economy: Iran’s rentier and state-dominated economy, characterized by speculative land markets, the financialization of housing, inflationary cycles, and oil-dependent revenue structures, has transformed housing into a vehicle for capital accumulation rather than a social right. This structural setting pushes low-income households out of formal housing markets and toward peripheral urban areas. .2. Meso-level planning and land governance: Iran’s urban planning system, influenced by technocratic, top-down, and blueprint-based models, has inadvertently exacerbated socio-spatial exclusion. Rigid land-use regulations, costly construction standards, restrictive urban-growth boundaries, and inflexible comprehensive plans increase housing costs, limit mixed-income development, and contribute to urban sprawl and peripheralization. 3. Micro-level strategies and resistance: Residents of informal settlements employ adaptive strategies, such as incremental housing, land appropriation, informal service provision, and community-based networks, to resist displacement and secure their right to the city. These practices demonstrate social innovation yet remain largely unrecognized by formal planning systems.The findings underscore that the drivers of urban marginalization in Iran are structural rather than incidental. Policies focused on physical upgrading, redevelopment, or formalization have proven ineffective because they fail to address the underlying political and economic dynamics of spatial production. The state’s dual role as regulator, owner, developer, and beneficiary of land rents creates conflicts of interest that undermine equity-oriented planning. Furthermore, Iran’s planning system, which is based on imported modernist paradigms, has systematically disregarded the everyday practices, informal economies, and social infrastructures that shape urban life. Compared with other countries, Iran’s process of marginalization is less overtly violent but more structurally persistent; displacement occurs gradually and is often mediated by economic pressures and regulatory exclusion rather than direct eviction. This produces a form of “slow marginalization” that continuously reproduces inequality. Conclusion: The study concludes that the marginalization of low-income urban residents in Iran is a systemic outcome of the political economy of space rather than a byproduct of informal settlements or individual behavior. Spatial injustice will persist as long as land and housing remain instruments of capital accumulation and planning institutions continue to operate within technocratic and centralized frameworks. Meaningful change requires: - Redefining the role of the state from a rent-seeking actor to a steward of the public interest; - Reforming land and housing policies to promote affordability and social equity; - Integrating incremental and community-driven development into formal planning processes; - Strengthening local governance and participatory institutions. Recognizing the “right to the city” as a foundational urban principle is also essential. Without addressing these structural issues, redevelopment projects and physical-upgrading strategies will be unable to curb the expansion of informal settlements or significantly improve the lives of marginalized urban populations. بیان مسئله: برنامه‌ریزی شهری در ایران معمولاً در قامت کنشی فنی و بی‌طرف معرفی می‌شود، در حالی‌ که در بستر پیوند ساختاری میان قدرت، انباشت سرمایه و کنترل اجتماعی عمل می‌کند. این فرایند، نه‌تنها فضا را سامان می‌دهد، بلکه به‌طور فعال در تولید و بازتولید نابرابری فضایی و به‌حاشیه‌رانده شدن تهیدستان شهری نقش دارد. پرسش اصلی این پژوهش آن است که برنامه‌ریزی چگونه در دل منطق‌های اقتصاد سیاسی و سازوکارهای حکمرانی، به ابزاری برای طرد فضایی بدل می‌شود. هدف: واکاوی انتقادی نقش برنامه‌ریزی در بازتولید حاشیه در شهرهای ایران و تحلیل چگونگی هم‌نشینی قدرت، سرمایه و دانش در شکل‌دهی به قلمروهای رسمی و غیررسمی است. روش: پژوهش از پارادایم انتقادی و رویکرد کیفی بهره می‌گیرد و با اتکا بر چارچوب نظری اقتصاد سیاسی فضا، حکومت‌مندی و مطالعات جنوب جهانی، اسناد برنامه‌ریزی، سیاست‌گذاری‌های شهری و نهادهای اجرایی پس از انقلاب را با خوانشی انتقادی بررسی می‌کند یافته‌ها: نظام برنامه‌ریزی ایران از مدرنیزاسیون تکنوکراتیک به حکمرانی با منطق‌های نئولیبرالی و رانتی چرخش کرده است. سازوکارهایی مانند تغییرات گزینشی کاربری زمین، انعطاف‌پذیری مقرراتی و بازآفرینی‌های شهری سودمحور، رانت‌جویی ساختاری را تقویت کرده و طرد فضایی را نهادینه ساخته‌اند. تحلیل پژوهش سه سطح از به‌حاشیه‌رانده‌شدن تهیدستان را آشکار می‌کند: سطح کلانِ پیوند دولت–بازار و سرمایه‌داری رانتی؛ سطح میانیِ برنامه‌ریزی تقلیل‌گرا و شی‌ءانگار؛ و سطح خردِ کنش‌های بقا، سازش و مقاومت تهیدستان شهری. نتیجه گیری: مطالعه بیان می‌کند که برنامه‌ریزی در ایران، همانند بسیاری از شهرهای جنوب جهانی، بیش از آنکه ابزاری برای تحقق عدالت فضایی باشد، سازوکار مدیریت نابرابری و تثبیت مرزهای حاشیه است. با این حال، کنش‌های روزمره فرودستان ظرفیت برساختن اشکال خُردی از سیاست شهری و مقاومت فضایی را در دل نظم‌های طردکننده نشان می‌دهد؛ ظرفیتی که بازاندیشی در الگوهای برنامه‌ریزی و امکان حرکت به‌سوی سیاست‌گذاری مبتنی بر عدالت فضایی را ضروری می‌سازد.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_9675_28ee12c56312bb20fa4ab2368b4a5829.pdf

دانشگاه گیلان دانش شهرسازی 2645-5412 10 2 2026 06 22 Evaluation of the Effect of Person-Environment Fit on Life Satisfaction of the Elderly with the Mediation of Sense of Community Dimensions (Case Study: Zafaraniyeh neighborhood of Tabriz) ارزیابی اثر انطباق شخص-محیط بر رضایت از زندگی سالمندان با میانجی‌گری ابعاد حس جمعی (محدوده موردمطالعه: محله زعفرانیه تبریز) 75 93 9674 10.22124/upk.2026.31679.2065 FA راحله عبدالهی استادیار گروه معماری، واحد ممقان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ممقان، ایران الناز شکوئی‌زاده کارشناس ارشد مهندسی معماری، عضو هیات علمی دانشکده مهارت و کارآفرینی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران. Journal Article 2025 09 13 Introduction: In recent decades, with the rapid aging of urban populations, issues related to the elderly have become an important topic in urban research and management of neighborhoods. On the other hand, this rapid growth has further highlighted the importance of issues related to quality of life in old age (Momtaz, Fallahi & Delbari, 2018:92). Therefore, identifying factors that contribute to the quality of life and well-being of the elderly is essential (Ibrahim, Momtaz & Hamid, 2013). Among these, life satisfaction, as a key indicator of quality of life in the elderly, refers to individuals' cognitive assessment of their living conditions. The satisfaction is not only related to their physical and mental health but is also influenced by their living environment and daily activities. On the other hand, the living environment is perhaps a crucial issue for the elderly because older adults have a more limited sphere of activity compared to other age groups, and their desire to interact with their living and surrounding environment is greater (Phillips, Siu, Yeh & Cheng, 2004). So far, existing studies that have examined the impact of neighborhood and environment characteristics on the well-being of the elderly have primarily focused on either the built environment (Burton, Mitchell & Stride, 2011; Sarkar, Gallacher & Webster, 2013) or the social environment (Cramm, Van Dijk & Nieboer, 2013; Lane et al., 2020). In this context, assessing the relationship between the elderly's interaction with the neighborhood environment and their life satisfaction requires more precise investigation. For this purpose, one of the most important theories that can best complement the present research and evaluate the nature of this interaction is the Person-Environment Fit (P-E fit) theory. Methodology: Based on the literature review, the present study has selected the life satisfaction analysis framework of Zhang, Lu, and Wang (2022) as its conceptual research model. In this model, personal-environmental characteristics and activity-travel patterns are considered as independent variables and indicators for measuring person-environment fit. Unlike previous studies that evaluated the social environment as an independent variable in the person-environment fit model, the current study examines sense of community as a mediating variable and, according to Zhang, Lu, and Wang's (2022) model, divides and analyzes it into two separate aspects: social (people-oriented) and spatial (place-oriented). Socio-economic and individual characteristics have also been considered as control variables.This research falls under descriptive-analytical studies. The statistical population of the study includes elderly people over 60 years old residing in the Zafaraniyeh neighborhood of Tabriz, who have mental health and no symptoms of cognitive disorders. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire tool with in-person visits by the researcher to the respondents' residences. The questionnaire consisted of 43 questions with five-point Likert scale items. Only completed questionnaires, which ultimately resulted in 152 valid samples, were included in the analysis. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through content validity method under the supervision of domain experts, with only minor modifications applied. The reliability of the research instrument was also confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.754. For data analysis, SPSS26 software was used, along with correlation tests and linear multivariate regression to examine relationships and measure direct and indirect effects of the variables. Results: The conceptual research model was examined using Pearson correlation test to analyze the relationships between variables. The results indicated that in the studied area, there is a strong correlation between P-E fit and seniors' satisfaction with a coefficient of (r=0.755), and between SoC and seniors' satisfaction with a coefficient of (r=0.915), at a significance level of less than 1%. In other words, dimensions of sense of community play a significant and crucial role in determining the life satisfaction of the elderly.Furthermore, the test results indicate a significant relationship between all components of the P-E fit theory and both dimensions of sense of community with satisfaction at a probability level of less than 1%. The strongest correlation was observed between housing status and the place aspect of sense of community with a coefficient of 0.988, while the weakest correlation was between family and relatives contact and mental health with a coefficient of 0.627. In other words, according to the correlation values, SoC plays a significant role in predicting seniors' satisfaction, whereas contact with family and relatives has a weaker relationship with enhancing quality of life.Regarding socio-economic and individual characteristics, the findings revealed that elderly living with their spouses reported higher satisfaction compared to those living alone or with their children. Additionally, length of residence and economic status showed a positive effect on satisfaction. In terms of housing type, older adults living in private villas reported high levels of satisfaction. Conversely, individuals with higher education levels reported lower life satisfaction, indicating an inverse relationship between these two variables. It is noteworthy that no such relationship was observed between other individual factors such as age or gender and satisfaction. Discussion: To determine the impact of variables on the satisfaction of elderly residents in the Zafaraniyeh neighborhood of Tabriz, a multiple linear regression analysis was used. The test results indicate a high level of satisfaction derived from the research components, where personal characteristics with a coefficient of 0.605, compared to environmental characteristics with a coefficient of 0.291, have a higher degree of importance due to their greater direct impact. Regarding the aspects of SoC affecting satisfaction, the results showed that the place aspect with a coefficient of 0.669 has the greatest impact, while the people aspect with a coefficient of 0.266 has the least impact. Therefore, the place aspect of SoC holds higher importance than the people aspect. This finding confirms the significance of place attachment, trust in the neighborhood, and satisfaction with the built environment, through which the elderly gain greater satisfaction.On the other hand, according to the findings, personal characteristics have a positive effect on both aspects of SoC, while environmental characteristics only affect the spatial dimension of SoC. Additionally, the activity-travel patterns of the elderly have an inverse effect on the people aspect of SoC and a positive effect on its place aspect. Specifically, seniors who prefer to conduct their daily activities in the shared neighborhood space exhibit a higher sense of spatial belonging, which ultimately leads to greater life satisfaction. Conclusion: Considering the rapid aging phenomenon in urban societies and the role of various dimensions of the living environment and their interrelationships in the satisfaction of elderly, identifying key and mediating factors affecting their satisfaction is crucial. This is because these factors and their governing relationships influence the lived experiences of the elderly and impact their level of life satisfaction. Accordingly, the present study aimed to analyze the relationship and the direct and indirect effects of the P-E fit theory and activity patterns on the life satisfaction of the elderly, mediated by dimensions of SoC, in the Zafaraniyeh neighborhood of Tabriz.Based on correlation values, the findings revealed that, firstly, SoC and, secondly, P-E fit play significant roles in predicting seniors' satisfaction. According to the impact coefficient values, it was inferred that both P-E characteristics influence elderly satisfaction both directly and indirectly through the mediation of SoC. Thus, the mediating role of SoC aspects on satisfaction was confirmed, with the direct effect of personal characteristics and the indirect effect of environmental characteristics being more prominent in terms of importance. On the other hand, activity-travel patterns have a positive indirect effect on seniors' life satisfaction through the place aspect of SoC. In other words, P-E harmony not only directly but also indirectly—through the mediation of SoC and activity patterns—plays a decisive role in predicting the satisfaction. Therefore, it can be claimed that seniors in environments aligned with their individual needs and values, while maintaining social roles and voluntary activities and subsequently enhancing SoC, enjoy higher satisfaction. بیان مسئله: با توجه به پدیده رشد سریع جمعیت سالمند در مناطق شهری و نقش حیاتی محیط سکونت بر کیفیت زندگی سالمندان و تأثیر کلیدی رضایت آنها بر سلامت روانی جامعه، مطالعه میزان تأثیر انطباق شخص- محیط بر رضایت سالمندان ضرورت دارد. هدف: ارزیابی رضایتمندی سالمندان با تحلیل رابطه و اثرگذاری نظریه انطباق شخص-محیط و الگوهای فعالیت-سفر با میانجی‌گری ابعاد حس جمعی است. روش: مطالعه حاضر در دسته مطالعات توصیفی-تحلیلی قرار دارد. جامعه موردمطالعه، سالمندان مقیم محله زعفرانیه تبریز هستند. داده‌ها از طریق ابزار پرسشنامه جمع‌آوری گردیده که شامل 152 نمونه است. پایایی پرسشنامه با ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 754/0 تأیید و به منظور تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS26، آزمون‌های همبستگی و رگرسیون چندمتغیره بر روی متغیرها اعمال گردید. یافته‌ها: تحلیل داده‌ها نشان داد احساس جمعی و ویژگی‌های شخصی-محیطی به ترتیب با ضرایب 915/0 و 755/0 نقش مهمی در پیش‌بینی رضایت سالمندان دارند. این دو متغیر علاوه بر تأثیر مستقیم از طریق تقویت حس جمعی به‌طور غیرمستقیم نیز بر رضایت اثر‌گذار هستند که اثر مستقیم ویژگی‌های شخصی (605/0) و اثر غیرمستقیم ویژگی‌های محیطی (742/0) حائز اهمیّت فراوان می‌باشند. الگوی فعالیت-سفر نیز به‌طور غیرمستقیم و از طریق بعد مکانی حس جمعی (181/0) اثر مثبت بر رضایت دارد. در کل سالمندان احساس تعلق بالاتری از بعد مکانی گزارش کردند. نتیجه گیری: مجموع اثرات مستقیم و غیرمستقیم متغیرها نشان داد، تأثیرکلی انطباق شخص-محیط به واسطه برخورداری از میانجی‌گری احساس جمعی بیشتر می‎باشد. یعنی هرچه بهره‌مندی سالمندان از ابعاد حس اجتماع بیشتر باشد، با ارتقای تعلق مکانی میزان رضایت از زندگی در سطح مطلوب‌تری قرار می‌گیرد. از این‌رو میزان سازگاری محیط با نیاز و خواسته‌های سالمند نقش مهمی در پیش‌بینی رضایت از زندگی سالمندان به‌طور مستقیم و به واسطه حس جمعی به‌طور غیرمستقیم ایفا می‌کند. این چارچوب می‌تواند مبنای ارزشمندی برای برنامه‌ریزی و سیاست‌گذاری در جهت بهبود کیفیت زندگی شهری سالمندان ارائه دهد.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_9674_3d93b6e0dc1eb0162205f8908145606d.pdf

دانشگاه گیلان دانش شهرسازی 2645-5412 10 2 2026 06 22 The Impact of Municipal Taxes on Housing Supply in Tabriz Ten Metropolitan Districts بررسی تأثیر عوارض شهرداری بر عرضه مسکن در مناطق دهگانه کلانشهر تبریز 94 112 9242 10.22124/upk.2025.32083.2082 FA خدیجه رضائی دانشجوی دکتری، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران محمدباقر بهشتی استاد گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران Journal Article 2025 10 27 Introduction: The housing sector, as a major component of the economy and a key factor in supporting economic development, has significant importance. Currently, urban management in most Iranian cities has become dependent on the most unstable source of revenue—construction fees—to meet its financial needs. Housing-related charges, especially in the past decade and in the country’s major cities, are regarded as an influential factor affecting both the price and supply of housing. In recent years, due to the rapid expansion of Tabriz city, Tabriz Municipality divided the city into ten independent districts to provide proper urban services to citizens. These ten districts of the Tabriz metropolis possess diverse features and capacities in terms of area, population, urban fabric, and other aspects, which significantly influence the housing supply within each district. Therefore, the main challenge concerning the varying housing supply across Tabriz’s ten districts lies in examining the factors that affect housing supply. This study examines the factors influencing housing supply by the ten districts of Tabriz metropolis, with an emphasis on municipal charges related to housing. Ultimately, it evaluates a model based on the factors affecting how municipal fees impact the housing supply Methodology: This research investigates the factors influencing housing supply in the ten districts of Tabriz Metropolis, with an emphasis on housing-related municipal fees. In this regard, the study intends to answer three main questions: Can a model be extracted that significantly describes the factors influencing housing supply in the ten districts of Tabriz Metropolis? Which factors have the greatest impact on housing supply? What is the effect of improper housing supply on housing prices?" Results: The present study is applied in terms of its objective and mixed-methods in terms of its analytical approach. The mixed-methods approach is a logical and powerful framework that utilizes the strengths of both qualitative (Grounded Theory) and quantitative (Structural Equation Modeling) methods. The main reason for using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) after Grounded Theory (GT) is to statistically validate and generalize the model derived from the qualitative data.To achieve the research objective, adopting the Grounded Theory approach, a model was developed based on the factors affecting housing supply. The developed model includes the core category, causal conditions, intervening conditions, contextual conditions, strategies, and consequences. Finally, the constructed model was tested using Structural Equation Modeling.The statistical population under review includes experts in Tabriz urban management. Given the limited size of the population, an attempt was made to include all individuals as the sample, totaling 156 people, surveyed during the period from Dey 1401 to Tir 1402 (approximately January 2023 to June 2023). The distributed questionnaire comprised 68 questions based on the categories validated and extracted in the qualitative phase, using a Likert scale. The SmartPLS software was used to evaluate the data obtained from the questionnaire. Discussion: The questionnaire was designed with 68 questions in the form of a Likert scale, whose items comprised categories mentioned in Table 1. After ensuring the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, the questionnaire was distributed among the samples, and after collection, the data were entered into SmartPLS software for evaluation.To examine the extent to which each of the research constructs aligns with the indicators used to measure them, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was employed. Conclusion: This research indicates that the fluctuations in the Tabriz housing market are caused by a causal chain (identified via GT) in which managerial factors and municipal fees undermine supply, and this weakened supply is the primary force behind price increases. The core issue is the construction flow, not just pricing. Policies based solely on price control, without resolving the supply barriers (identified by GT), are destined to fail.The results provide a complex theoretical model for urban management rooted in local qualitative data. Its recommendations necessitate structural changes in how fees are collected and how the permit issuance process is managed at the level of each district in Tabriz. The key operational policy is that price management must be achieved through improving supply (such as system integration, reducing unnecessary stringent regulations, etc.), and planning must be regional and non-uniform to account for the inherent differences across the ten districts. The crucial point highlighted in the conclusion is that a uniform policy is inefficient due to the intrinsic differences in housing characteristics across the ten districts, meaning success demands adopting tailored regional approaches for each area.In the current study, a questionnaire was used to measure the variables. بیان مسئله: بخش مسکن به منزله سهم بزرگی از اقتصاد و به عنوان یک موضوع کلیدی در کمک به توسعه اقتصادی از اهمیت به سزایی برخوردار است. درحال حاضر، مدیریت شهری در اکثر شهرهای ایران جهت تأمین نیازهای مالی خود به ناپایدارترین منبع درآمدی یعنی عوارض ساختمانی وابسته شده‌اند. هدف: این پژوهش، عوامل تأثیرگذار بر عرضه مسکن در مناطق دهگانه کلانشهر تبریز را با تأکید بر عوارض شهرداری مرتبط با مسکن، مورد بررسی قرار می‌دهد . روش: مطالعه حاضر به لحاظ هدف از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی و به لحاظ روش تجزیه و تحلیل از نوع تحقیقات ترکیبی است. روش ترکیبی یک رویکرد منطقی و قدرتمند است که از نقاط قوت هر دو روش کیفی (نظریه داده بنیاد) و کمی (معادلات ساختاری) استفاده می‌کند. دلیل اصلی استفاده از مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) بعد از نظریه داده بنیاد (Grounded Theory)، تأیید و تعمیم آماری مدلی است که از داده‌های کیفی به دست آمده است. یافته‌ها: در مرحله اول و رهیافت داده بنیاد، عوامل مؤثر بر عرضه مسکن شناسایی شده در پژوهش رضائی و بهشتی (1393) که شامل 68 مفهوم مستخرج از روش دلفی فازی با استفاده از مصاحبه و پرسشنامه می‌باشد، مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. بعد از اجرای مراحل کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی، مدل پارادیمی تدوین شد. براساس مدل پارادیمی مقوله‌ها تحت 6 دسته شامل مقولۀ مرکزی، شرایط علی، شرایط مداخلهگر، شرایط، راهبردها و پیامدها قرار گرفته‌اند. نتیجه گیری: این تحقیق نشان داد که نوسانات بازار مسکن تبریز، ناشی از یک زنجیره علّی (شناسایی شده توسط GT) است که در آن عوامل مدیریتی و عوارض شهرداری، عرضه را تضعیف می‌کنند و این ضعف عرضه، نیروی اصلی افزایش قیمت‌ها است. مسئله اصلی، قیمت‌گذاری نیست، بلکه جریان ساخت و ساز است. سیاست‌های صرفاً کنترلی قیمت بدون رفع موانع عرضه (که GT آنها را شناسایی کرده)، محکوم به شکست است. نتایج این تحقیق، یک مدل نظری پیچیده برای مدیریت شهری است که ریشه در داده‌های کیفی محلی دارد و توصیه‌های آن نیازمند تغییرات ساختاری در نحوه اخذ عوارض و مدیریت فرآیند صدور مجوزها در سطح هر منطقه از شهر تبریز است.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_9242_8aa6827261f94f3572d973937ed856d4.pdf

دانشگاه گیلان دانش شهرسازی 2645-5412 10 2 2026 06 22 Theoretical Analysis of the Adaptability of Urban Planning Laws and Regulations to Urban Sustainability Components in Iranian Urban Development Plans at the Local Level after the Islamic Revolution of Iran واکاوی نظری انطباق پذیری قوانین و مقررات شهرسازی با مولفه‌های پایداری شهری در طرح‌های توسعه شهری در سطح محلی بعد از انقلاب اسلامی ایران 113 139 9571 10.22124/upk.2026.33137.2127 FA نصرالله مولائی هشجین گروه شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران منوچهر طبیبیان گروه شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران (نویسنده مسئول) محمدرضا خطیبی گروه شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران جمال الدین سهیلی گروه شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران Journal Article 2026 02 26 Introduction:In the last hundred years (1300-1404 AH), numerous laws and regulations have been approved in the field of urban development. Some of them have been revised and amended over time, and some have lost their effectiveness, and some also need to be revised and amended to meet the needs of modern urban development. Considering the problems, issues, and challenges facing today's urbanization in Iran and the necessity of sustainable urban development in all dimensions, the author intends to review and analyze the degree of adaptability of these laws and regulations to the dimensions of sustainable urban development in urban development plans at the local level. Methodology: The present study is applied in terms of purpose, thematic and temporal in terms of research methods; historical, descriptive and analytical, and qualitative and quantitative (mixed) in terms of the nature of the data. The paradigm used in the research methodology is interpretive and critical. Results: In recent decades, with the rapid growth and expansion of urbanization, instability in cities has increased and has led to numerous environmental, social, cultural, economic, institutional-management, and physical-infrastructural issues. These instabilities are the result of inappropriate urban policies and laws and regulations, which in many cases have led to unbalanced, disproportionate, and unbalanced development and increased vulnerability of human settlements. Discussion: The degree of adaptability of urban development laws and regulations in urban development plans in Iran, with an emphasis on the components of urban sustainability after the Islamic Revolution, has mainly emphasized physical, management, and environmental dimensions. Conclusion: Despite the fact that the system of laws and especially urban planning regulations in Iran has undergone an evolutionary process and converged with the principles of sustainable development after the revolution, achieving true sustainability requires synergy between the five dimensions as well as regular monitoring of the implementation of laws and regulations at the local level. In this regard, there is a need to review and amend the laws and regulations in urban development plans. بیان مسئله: پایداری شهری یکی از مهم‌ترین رویکردهای معاصر در برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت شهرها است. با وجود گسترش مباحث پایداری در ادبیات علمی، قوانین و مقررات شهرسازی ایران عمدتاً بر مبنای الگوهای سنتی و کالبدی دهه‌های گذشته شکل گرفته‌اند و پرسش اصلی این است که این قوانین و مقررات با مولفه های پایداری شهری تا چه میزانی انطباق دارند؟ هدف: واکاوی نظری میزان انطباق‌پذیری قوانین و مقررات شهرسازی با مؤلفه‌های پایداری شهری در چارچوب طرح‌های توسعه شهری در سطح محلی پس از انقلاب اسلامی ایران، هدف تحقیق حاضر است. روش: پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی ، ازنظر روش های تحقیق؛ موضوعی و زمانی؛ تاریخی, توصیفی و تحلیلی و از نظر ماهیت داده ها، کیفی و کمی (آمیخته) است. پارادایم مورد استفاده در روش شناسی پژوهش تفسیری و انتقادی است. یافته‌ها: در دهه‌های اخیر با رشد و گسترش سریع شهرنشینی ، ناپایداری در شهرها افزایش یافته است و مسائل زیست‌محیطی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی، اقتصادی، نهادی، مدیریتی، کالبدی و زیرساختی متعددی را به دنبال داشته است. این ناپایداری‌ها در نتیجه سیاست گذاری‌ها و قوانین و مقررات نامناسب شهری بوده که در بسیاری از موارد منجر به توسعه نامتوازن ، نامتناسب و نامتعادل و نیز افزایش آسیب‌پذیری سکونتگاه‌های انسانی شده‌اند. میزان انطباق‌پذیری قوانین و مقررات شهرسازی در طرح‌های توسعه شهری در ایران، با تأکید بر مولفه‌های پایداری شهری در بعد از انقلاب اسلامی عمدتاً بر ابعاد کالبدی، مدیریتی و محیطی تاکید داشته است. نتیجه گیری: علی‌رغم اینکه نظام قوانین و به‌ویژه مقررات شهرسازی ایران در بعد از انقلاب اسلامی روندی تکاملی و همگرا با اصول توسعه پایدار را طی کرده است، اما برای دستیابی به پایداری واقعی، نیازمند هم‌افزایی بین ابعاد پنج‌گانه و پایش اجرایی منظم قوانین و مقررات در سطح محلی بوده و در این راستا نیاز به بازنگری و اصلاح قوانین و مقررات در طرح‌های توسعه شهری در سطح محلی است.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_9571_41e8136b55789ecfd52da3e5712ba0b7.pdf

دانشگاه گیلان دانش شهرسازی 2645-5412 10 2 2026 06 22 Explaining the Components of Spatial Satisfaction in High-Rise Residential Buildings in Tehran تبیین مولفه‌های رضایتمندی فضایی در ساختمان‌های بلندمرتبه مسکونی شهر تهران 140 155 9972 10.22124/upk.2026.32523.2105 FA امیرحسن یعقوبی روشن دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی معماری، گروه معماری، واحد امارات متحده عربی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دبی، امارات متحده عربی وحید قبادیان دانشیار گروه مهندسی معماری، دانشکده معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکز، تهران، ایران مهرداد متین استادیار گروه مهندسی معماری، دانشکده معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکز، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2025 12 11 Introduction: The increasing proliferation of high-rise buildings has become a significant concern for urban environments in recent decades, particularly in rapidly expanding megacities. While often conceived as an inevitable solution for optimizing limited land use and accommodating massive population growth, this vertical expansion introduces complex challenges that extend beyond mere structural stability. The shift in living patterns within high-density vertical structures significantly impacts the residents' social well-being, psychological experience, and relationship with the city. Consequently, Spatial Satisfaction has emerged as a crucial, multi-layered issue integral to assessing and enhancing the overall quality of life for residents in these dense residential environments. In the specific context of Tehran, where this rapid vertical development has been ongoing since the 1960s, a profound and critical understanding of the built environment's influence is necessary. The success of high-rise projects should be measured not just by physical output or economic viability, but by their ability to support human experience. This research aims to systematically address this necessity by establishing the core components of spatial satisfaction in the configuration of Tehran’s high-rise residential buildings. By synthesizing diverse theoretical perspectives—ranging from environmental psychology and social anthropology to architectural structure—this study seeks to provide a unified conceptual framework, offering a vital guide for policymakers and designers to move beyond purely physical standards and ensure the development of sustainable and humane vertical communities. Methodology: This research employs a descriptive-analytical approach based on a qualitative-comparative methodology. The theoretical insights were collected through documentary studies and content analysis of specialized texts in architecture, environmental psychology, urban design, and theories of spatial satisfaction and environmental quality. Subsequently, common and distinguishing components proposed by various theorists were extracted and explained using the comparative analysis method. The primary tools for data gathering included thematic indexing, conceptual categorization, layered conceptual analysis, and inter-theoretic comparison. This systematic approach ensured a credible foundation for developing the analytical model. Results: The findings demonstrate that spatial satisfaction is a complex, multidimensional reality. Each theoretical perspective illuminates a specific dimension: Perceptual and Cultural Theories (e.g., Rapoport): Focus on the subjective and semantic layers of space, including aesthetics, legibility, and cultural fit. Space Syntax (Hillier & Hanson): Concentrates on analyzing the objective structure, such as spatial integration, depth, and visibility, and its impact on social interaction and perceived security. Environmental Psychology (Gifford, Barker): Highlights psychological factors like the feeling of control, the impact of environmental stress (noise, density), privacy, and the alignment of expected behaviors with the physical setting. Quality of Life & Person-Environment Fit: Addresses broader social factors, accessibility to services, security, management quality, and alignment with individual needs and lifestyles. Commonalities observed across these theories include the crucial role of human perception, the necessity of social interaction, the multidimensional nature of quality, and the clear link between human behavior and spatial structure. Discussion: The analysis confirms that the spatial experience in Tehran's high-rise buildings is a product of dynamic interaction among physical form, perception, activities, and socio-cultural structures. Limitations of a Unidimensional Approach: The study reveals that solely focusing on physical standards or management services is insufficient; neglecting the social atmosphere, environmental legibility, or the residents' sense of control leads to dissatisfaction. The Structural Role of Configuration: The research emphasizes the foundational role of the building's spatial configuration (e.g., spatial depth, path continuity, visibility of semi-public areas) in shaping residents' lived experience, directly affecting social interaction, safety, and accessibility. The physical structure acts as a "framework regulating behavior and perception." Integrated Framework: The final model integrates these viewpoints, proposing a holistic framework necessary for analyzing high-rise residential quality in a complex megacity like Tehran, characterized by diverse lifestyles and high density. Conclusion: The research concludes that spatial satisfaction in high-rise residential environments is a multidimensional concept that must be explained through four primary axes: Physical Axis: Including lighting, ventilation, proportions, legibility, spatial integration, and security. Functional Axis: Including compatibility of land uses, service quality, accessibility, management, and fit between units and needs. Perceptual and Psychological Axis: Including sense of control, privacy, stress reduction, and aesthetics. Socio-Identity Axis: Including social interaction, sense of belonging, spatial identity, and social justice. These four axes provide the necessary theoretical foundation for developing the research's conceptual model, designing standard satisfaction questionnaires, and conducting structural analyses (Space Syntax) for future projects. Four Major Axes of Spatial Satisfaction Components in High-Rise Residential Environments Macro Component Axis Measurement Method Indicators Physical Axis Measurable / spatial syntax Accessibility, legibility, geometry, ventilation, daylight, form Functional Axis Field / survey Management, service quality, land-use coordination, unit–need fit Identity / Perceptual Axis Interviews and surveys Symbolic legibility, meaning, attachment, identity Comfort & Health Axis Environmental measurement & self-report Acoustic comfort, privacy, stress reduction, safety, thermal comfort بیان مسئله: علیرغم گسترش بی سابقه بلندمرتبه سازی در تهران، فقدان چارچوب نظری یکپارچه برای تبیین «رضایتمندی فضایی» محسوس است. پژوهش‌های موجود عمدتا ً بر شاخص‌های فنی-کالبدی یا اقتصادی-مدیریتی متمرکز بوده و از ماهیت چندلایه این مفهوم غفلت کرده اند. هدف: استخراج مؤلفه‌های رضایتمندی فضایی از طریق تحلیل تطبیقی نظریات معتبر و تدقیق ابعاد آن در ساختمان‌های بلندمرتبه مسکونی تهران. روش: پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی و مبتنی بر رویکرد کیفی-مقایسه‌ای است. هفت رویکرد نظری اصلی (فرهنگی-ادراکی -راپاپورت، شناختی-بصری لینچ، سیستمی کانتر، ساختاری-ریاضی هیلیر و هانسون، رفتاری-تجربی بارکر، روانشناختی-ادراکی گیفورد، و رویکردهای کیفیت زندگی و تطابق فرد-محیط) با روش تحلیل تطبیقی بررسی شدند. داده‌ها ازطریق فیشبرداری مفهومی، کدگذاری و تحلیل لایه‌های گردآوری و پالایش گردیدند. یافته‌ها: تحلیل تطبیقی نشان داد رضایتمندی فضایی فاقد تعریف تک عاملی است و از چهار محور متمایز تشکیل می‌شود: 1)محور کالبدی شامل نور طبیعی، تهویه، خوانایی، همپیوندی،عمق فضایی و سلسله مراتب عمومی- نیمه عمومی-خصوصی؛ 2)محور عملکردی شامل کیفیت مدیریت، دسترسی به خدمات (آسانسور، پارکینگ، انبار)، تطابق واحد با نیاز خانوار؛ 3)محور ادراکی-روانشناختی شامل احساس کنترل، حریم خصوصی (بصری و صوتی)، کاهش استرس ناشی از تراکم و سر و صدا؛ 4)محور اجتماعی-هویتی شامل تعاملات همسایگی، حس تعلق به مکان، هویت فضایی و عدالت فضایی. نتیجه‌گیری: مدل چهارمحوری حاصل، یک دسته بندی توصیفی نیست بلکه ابزاری تشخیصی برای شناسایی نقطه ضعف اصلی هر پروژه است. برخلاف رویکردهای مرسوم در تهران که صرفا ً بر استانداردهای فنی-کالبدی متمرکزند، این پژوهش نشان میدهد غفلت از محور اجتماعی-هویتی و ادراکی-روانشناختی علت اصلی «رضایتمندی پایین علیرغم کیفیت فنی بالا» در بسیاری از برج‌های تهران است. این مدل مبنایی برای تدوین پرسشنامه‌های استاندارد، تحلیل نحو فضا و دستورالعمل‌های طراحی فراهم می‌کند.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_9972_59ab1471d409ab5e4d315241e163c213.pdf