University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 2 1 2018 05 22 A Review of the Comprehensive Planning Process of Rasht City with a Comparative Approach (Triple Comprehensive City Plans) A Review of the Comprehensive Planning Process of Rasht City with a Comparative Approach (Triple Comprehensive City Plans) 1 22 2920 10.22124/upk.2018.8792.1010 FA Hamid Hodjati PHD student, Urban Planning group, Planing and Environmental Faculty, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran Mohammad Reza Pourmohammadi Professor, Head of Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran Rasoul Ghorbani Ph.D, Director of Department of Urban Planning, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran Journal Article 2017 10 20 Five decades have passed since the preparation and implementation of the so-called comprehensive urban development plans in Iran and despite the fact that some positive results have been achieved, the plans have not reached an optimal level as intended by experts and people. This paper first briefly explains the characteristics of the comprehensive plan based on descriptive-analytical method consistent with the data obtained and processed next. Then, it attempts to review the urban development plans of Rasht focusing on its second comprehensive plan and assess the extent of realization of its objectives and predictions concerning the implemented plans. Specifically, the results of the implementation of the second comprehensive plan of Rasht show that there have been gross mistakes in its projections and targets. Among them, the estimated population of Rasht in the comprehensive plan and its detailed plan was inaccurate with 9.1% (46944 people) and 6.02% (33654 people) of the estimated surplus, respectively. In addition, as for the expansion limits and communication network of the city, the second comprehensive and detailed plan of Rasht had 13% and 22.6% of inaccuracies, respectively (estimate surplus). Regarding the area and per capita amount of urban utilities, about 20.28% of the area of use and 24.76% of per capita amounts, respectively, at the end of the plan implementation are surpluses of what was predicted; in other words, the forecast of the second comprehensive and detailed plan of Rasht in this area has been in short supply. It is finally concluded that the second comprehensive plan of Rasht, such as the comprehensive plans of other cities, has some shortcomings such as non-flexibility, extensive service descriptions, and emphasis on the framework that is mainly due to the weakness of the nature of the comprehensive plan model. Five decades have passed since the preparation and implementation of the so-called comprehensive urban development plans in Iran and despite the fact that some positive results have been achieved, the plans have not reached an optimal level as intended by experts and people. This paper first briefly explains the characteristics of the comprehensive plan based on descriptive-analytical method consistent with the data obtained and processed next. Then, it attempts to review the urban development plans of Rasht focusing on its second comprehensive plan and assess the extent of realization of its objectives and predictions concerning the implemented plans. Specifically, the results of the implementation of the second comprehensive plan of Rasht show that there have been gross mistakes in its projections and targets. Among them, the estimated population of Rasht in the comprehensive plan and its detailed plan was inaccurate with 9.1% (46944 people) and 6.02% (33654 people) of the estimated surplus, respectively. In addition, as for the expansion limits and communication network of the city, the second comprehensive and detailed plan of Rasht had 13% and 22.6% of inaccuracies, respectively (estimate surplus). Regarding the area and per capita amount of urban utilities, about 20.28% of the area of use and 24.76% of per capita amounts, respectively, at the end of the plan implementation are surpluses of what was predicted; in other words, the forecast of the second comprehensive and detailed plan of Rasht in this area has been in short supply. It is finally concluded that the second comprehensive plan of Rasht, such as the comprehensive plans of other cities, has some shortcomings such as non-flexibility, extensive service descriptions, and emphasis on the framework that is mainly due to the weakness of the nature of the comprehensive plan model.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_2920_cd2dfa9ead77ea8aaab6c646f3049bff.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 2 1 2018 05 22 Exploring the process of neighborhood attachment among children; study of Golsar ‎neighborhood in Rasht city applying resident employed photography (REP)‎ Exploring the process of neighborhood attachment among children; study of Golsar ‎neighborhood in Rasht city applying resident employed photography (REP)‎ 23 39 2921 10.22124/upk.2018.9147.1031 FA Aliakbar Salaripour Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Journal Article 2017 11 27 The existence of a positive relation with one’s neighborhood can lead to higher levels of psychological and physical health. In fact, reviving the role of neighborhoods and the promotion of its status in the residents’ life require a deep understanding of person-neighborhood relations. Due to the importance of neighborhoods in shaping place identity among children and fostering next generations, this paper sought to study the process of neighborhood attachment among this social group. This study utilized qualitative techniques to gather the data. To this end, Resident Employed Photography was applied to explore neighborhood meanings among children. After taking pictures, they provided descriptions about the reasons for capturing their favorite photo in an individual in-depth interview. They were also asked to mention different aspects of their living in the neighborhoodduring the interview. The results of the study show that playing, nature, neighborhood services, and neighborhood landscape are the main elements in neighborhood attachment model among children. It can also be stated that social and physical dimensions of place meanings are intertwined in these context and cannot be separated. Thus, urban plans should help in engaging children with both physical and social dimensions of urban neighborhoods. Preserving and revitalizing the concept of neighborhood in Iranian cities depends on how children in different cities experience and live this concept. The existence of a positive relation with one’s neighborhood can lead to higher levels of psychological and physical health. In fact, reviving the role of neighborhoods and the promotion of its status in the residents’ life require a deep understanding of person-neighborhood relations. Due to the importance of neighborhoods in shaping place identity among children and fostering next generations, this paper sought to study the process of neighborhood attachment among this social group. This study utilized qualitative techniques to gather the data. To this end, Resident Employed Photography was applied to explore neighborhood meanings among children. After taking pictures, they provided descriptions about the reasons for capturing their favorite photo in an individual in-depth interview. They were also asked to mention different aspects of their living in the neighborhoodduring the interview. The results of the study show that playing, nature, neighborhood services, and neighborhood landscape are the main elements in neighborhood attachment model among children. It can also be stated that social and physical dimensions of place meanings are intertwined in these context and cannot be separated. Thus, urban plans should help in engaging children with both physical and social dimensions of urban neighborhoods. Preserving and revitalizing the concept of neighborhood in Iranian cities depends on how children in different cities experience and live this concept.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_2921_c1dc59d90dccf5436b8933794188bb11.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 2 1 2018 05 22 Investigating the Effect of Social Capital and Market Performance of Hotels on the Economic Dynamics of Metropolitan Areas: A Case Study of the Market Performance of Tehran Hotels Investigating the Effect of Social Capital and Market Performance of Hotels on the Economic Dynamics of Metropolitan Areas: A Case Study of the Market Performance of Tehran Hotels 41 55 2922 10.22124/upk.2018.9935.1062 FA Mohsen Akbari Management, Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Mohammad Hataminejad Management, Literature and humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Milad Hooshmand Chaijani Strategic Management, Farabi Pardis, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran Journal Article 2018 03 06 Improving urban economy mainly depends on the improved performance of active organizations and institutes in cities. Improving performance is a continuous challenge for businesses. In the meantime, a strategic look at the problem of performance has always focused on both the external and internal factors, but the previous studies have mainly considered the tangible inherent elements while evidence suggests a more sustainable advantage is rooted in the intangible elements of the organization. Accordingly, the current study, highlighting the internal intangible elements and assets such as organizational capabilities, intellectual and social capital, and attention to environmental uncertainty as an external factor has sought to strategically interpret the market performance of businesses. To this end, with a focus on tourism, three-, four-, and five-star hotels in Tehran have been investigated through survey method with a questionnaire. Accordingly, after collecting 89 questionnaires from 48 hotels, the least squares model was used through smart PLS software to analyze the data. The results showed that organizational capabilities have a significant effect on market performance and intellectual and social capital affect organizational capabilities as well. The results also confirmed the role of environmental uncertainty moderation. Improving urban economy mainly depends on the improved performance of active organizations and institutes in cities. Improving performance is a continuous challenge for businesses. In the meantime, a strategic look at the problem of performance has always focused on both the external and internal factors, but the previous studies have mainly considered the tangible inherent elements while evidence suggests a more sustainable advantage is rooted in the intangible elements of the organization. Accordingly, the current study, highlighting the internal intangible elements and assets such as organizational capabilities, intellectual and social capital, and attention to environmental uncertainty as an external factor has sought to strategically interpret the market performance of businesses. To this end, with a focus on tourism, three-, four-, and five-star hotels in Tehran have been investigated through survey method with a questionnaire. Accordingly, after collecting 89 questionnaires from 48 hotels, the least squares model was used through smart PLS software to analyze the data. The results showed that organizational capabilities have a significant effect on market performance and intellectual and social capital affect organizational capabilities as well. The results also confirmed the role of environmental uncertainty moderation.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_2922_11cb2366f322879da410f042a91308b3.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 2 1 2018 05 22 The Role of Space and Physical Environment in Realizing Iranian-Islamic Creative City The Role of Space and Physical Environment in Realizing Iranian-Islamic Creative City 57 70 2923 10.22124/upk.2018.9603.1050 FA Nooreddin Azimi Associate Professor, UDepartment of Urban Planning, Faculty of art and Architecture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Soheila Rezaei Adaryani Masters student, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of art and Architecture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Hassan Ahmadi Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Journal Article 2017 12 25 Creative cities are centers of innovation, technology, and transformation of ideas into wealth. Creative city is a concept with high impact, meaning that it affects – and is influenced by – all aspects and dimensions of the city. One of the impressible dimensions is the peripheral and spatial dimensions of the city, which means that the physical structure of the city should attract people and facilitate their living conditions. In this way, a city will be a desirable space for the life of the creative class. Various indicators have been presented to measure the creativity of cities, all of which emphasize the physical environment and the social and cultural conditions of the society. The purpose of this study is to identify the role of physical aspects and space in the formation of the Iranian-Islamic creative city. To this end, a questionnaire survey and in-depth interview with students and scholars of theology were used to identify the physical and environmental factors that could provide the ground to accomplish the creative city in the urban community of Iran. First, 230 five-item Likert-type questionnaires were completed by the participants of the study followed by 15 in-depth interviews with Isfahan scholars of theology. Confirmatory factor analysis and content analysis were used to analyze the data. The analysis was performed in four sections: Women''s civil rights, tourism and communication, development of new centers, and transportation and traffic. The results showed that: 1) The physical environment of the city should be designed to protect the women’s rights and suit their presence in the city; 2) the establishment of various recreation and tourism centers should be in conjunction with the utilization of existing opportunities and historical potentials and strengthen the tourism industry and attract the creative class; 3) proper development and distribution of scientific centers will play an important role in realizing the creative city; 4) finally, the transportation system and the sustainable communication network should be an integral part of the urban environment. Creative cities are centers of innovation, technology, and transformation of ideas into wealth. Creative city is a concept with high impact, meaning that it affects – and is influenced by – all aspects and dimensions of the city. One of the impressible dimensions is the peripheral and spatial dimensions of the city, which means that the physical structure of the city should attract people and facilitate their living conditions. In this way, a city will be a desirable space for the life of the creative class. Various indicators have been presented to measure the creativity of cities, all of which emphasize the physical environment and the social and cultural conditions of the society. The purpose of this study is to identify the role of physical aspects and space in the formation of the Iranian-Islamic creative city. To this end, a questionnaire survey and in-depth interview with students and scholars of theology were used to identify the physical and environmental factors that could provide the ground to accomplish the creative city in the urban community of Iran. First, 230 five-item Likert-type questionnaires were completed by the participants of the study followed by 15 in-depth interviews with Isfahan scholars of theology. Confirmatory factor analysis and content analysis were used to analyze the data. The analysis was performed in four sections: Women''s civil rights, tourism and communication, development of new centers, and transportation and traffic. The results showed that: 1) The physical environment of the city should be designed to protect the women’s rights and suit their presence in the city; 2) the establishment of various recreation and tourism centers should be in conjunction with the utilization of existing opportunities and historical potentials and strengthen the tourism industry and attract the creative class; 3) proper development and distribution of scientific centers will play an important role in realizing the creative city; 4) finally, the transportation system and the sustainable communication network should be an integral part of the urban environment.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_2923_6d4d496bf30bbf52f1dda948604c5a47.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 2 1 2018 05 22 Spatial Prioritization of the Road Transport Development in Iran’s Provinces with a Focus on WASPAS Decision Making Model Spatial Prioritization of the Road Transport Development in Iran’s Provinces with a Focus on WASPAS Decision Making Model 71 89 2924 10.22124/upk.2018.8895.1021 FA Mohamad Molaei Qelichi PHD student, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Keramatollah Ziari Professor Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Morteza Nosrati Heshi Masters student, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Razieh Kardgar PHD student, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Science, University of Mazandaran Journal Article 2017 10 30 Transportation is one of the most important pillars of urban development that is essential for the mobility of people and goods, and effective productivity in urban areas will only be achieved with the supply for transportation. Sustainable transport is one of the most effective factors of regional development because, with a sustainable transport, justice can be created in various social, economic, and environmental dimensions, which represents the right path towards regional development. The purpose of this study is to determine the development of the transport road network in Iran's provinces. To this end, the WASPAS decision making technique, which is one of the recent discrete and compensatory models for solving the problems of multiple attribute decision making and its goal is to choose the best alternative, was used. Regarding the factors which were studied and the practical nature of this study, descriptive-analytical method has been used. The data have been collected through library and field methods. The results of the study showed that there are a lot of inequalities between the provinces in terms of the development of transport road network. In fact, the existence of metropolises such as Shiraz, Isfahan, Mashhad, Tehran, Tabriz, and Ahvaz (excluding the Karaj metropolitan area), which ranked the highest in the country, are effective on the development of transportation in the province. On the other hand, the provinces of Qom and Alborz, despite their proximity to the capital, are not in good conditions in terms of the development of their transport road network. Transportation is one of the most important pillars of urban development that is essential for the mobility of people and goods, and effective productivity in urban areas will only be achieved with the supply for transportation. Sustainable transport is one of the most effective factors of regional development because, with a sustainable transport, justice can be created in various social, economic, and environmental dimensions, which represents the right path towards regional development. The purpose of this study is to determine the development of the transport road network in Iran's provinces. To this end, the WASPAS decision making technique, which is one of the recent discrete and compensatory models for solving the problems of multiple attribute decision making and its goal is to choose the best alternative, was used. Regarding the factors which were studied and the practical nature of this study, descriptive-analytical method has been used. The data have been collected through library and field methods. The results of the study showed that there are a lot of inequalities between the provinces in terms of the development of transport road network. In fact, the existence of metropolises such as Shiraz, Isfahan, Mashhad, Tehran, Tabriz, and Ahvaz (excluding the Karaj metropolitan area), which ranked the highest in the country, are effective on the development of transportation in the province. On the other hand, the provinces of Qom and Alborz, despite their proximity to the capital, are not in good conditions in terms of the development of their transport road network.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_2924_994eb70415f944a9ae8f041aa131079b.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 2 1 2018 05 22 An Evaluation of the Effects of City Land Use on Noise Pollution: A Case Study of Zone 1 of Region 6 of Tehran An Evaluation of the Effects of City Land Use on Noise Pollution: A Case Study of Zone 1 of Region 6 of Tehran 91 103 2925 10.22124/upk.2018.8896.1022 FA Nazanin Bijani Nasrabadi Masters student, Department of Environment, College of Science, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran Azadeh Tavakoli Assistant Professor, Department of Environment, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran Younes Khosravi Assistant Professor, Department of Environment, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran Mohammad Kazem Jabari PhD Student, Department of urbanization Sciences, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2017 10 30 One of the main challenges of urban planning is the creation of urban spaces with high quality life. The objectives of this study are to determine the relationship between urban planning and noise pollution, to investigate the influence of physical variables and the effect of urban forms on noise pollution, and to pave the way for future studies to reduce noise pollution in the vicinity of sensitive zones (hospitals, schools, etc.). This study was carried out in the zone 1, region 6 of Tehran, with the high density of commercial, official, and educational organizations along with heavy traffic. The equivalent sound level (Leq) in 16 stations in the fall-winter period of 2015-2016 and the spring-summer period of 2017, in morning and evening peak traffic time, was measured. The measurements were conducted in the vicinity of main uses and streets of the area and noise maps were also prepared by means of the Arc Map 10.3 software. The extent of Leq around the intersections and main streets of zone 1 was more than that of other areas and the lowest equivalent sound level was observed in secondary streets. From all of the land uses, commercial and industrial zones experience the highest level of noise, with the overall range of Leq from 72 to 84 dB and health-therapy zone has the lowest level of noise pollution, with the overall range of Leq from 58 to 72 dB. The extent of Leq around all land uses and streets of zone 1 is much more than standards. Urban forms and the types of uses and their location in zone 1 both affect the amount of sound equivalent levels in the area. One of the main challenges of urban planning is the creation of urban spaces with high quality life. The objectives of this study are to determine the relationship between urban planning and noise pollution, to investigate the influence of physical variables and the effect of urban forms on noise pollution, and to pave the way for future studies to reduce noise pollution in the vicinity of sensitive zones (hospitals, schools, etc.). This study was carried out in the zone 1, region 6 of Tehran, with the high density of commercial, official, and educational organizations along with heavy traffic. The equivalent sound level (Leq) in 16 stations in the fall-winter period of 2015-2016 and the spring-summer period of 2017, in morning and evening peak traffic time, was measured. The measurements were conducted in the vicinity of main uses and streets of the area and noise maps were also prepared by means of the Arc Map 10.3 software. The extent of Leq around the intersections and main streets of zone 1 was more than that of other areas and the lowest equivalent sound level was observed in secondary streets. From all of the land uses, commercial and industrial zones experience the highest level of noise, with the overall range of Leq from 72 to 84 dB and health-therapy zone has the lowest level of noise pollution, with the overall range of Leq from 58 to 72 dB. The extent of Leq around all land uses and streets of zone 1 is much more than standards. Urban forms and the types of uses and their location in zone 1 both affect the amount of sound equivalent levels in the area.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_2925_f50a4a137ac9e29fc5faf1b89b1ade1e.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 2 1 2018 05 22 Explaining and Evaluating the Criteria of Comfort and Convenience in Urban Public Transport Trips: A Case Study of the 28th Bus Line of Isfahan Metropolis Explaining and Evaluating the Criteria of Comfort and Convenience in Urban Public Transport Trips: A Case Study of the 28th Bus Line of Isfahan Metropolis 105 121 2926 10.22124/upk.2018.9501.1045 FA Mahin Nastaran Associate Professor in architecture and urban planning faculty, art university of Isfahan Mohammad Javad Nouri PhD student of urban planning at university of Tehran, urban planning lecturer at university of Tehran and Art university of Isfahan Farinaz Rikhtehgaran Farinaz rikhtehgaran, Master of urban design, urban planning faculty, university of Tehran Journal Article 2018 01 11 Research has shown that excessive tendency to use personal transportation can lead to catastrophic outcomes for a city and its citizens. Researchers and policy makers affirm that increasing the people’s tendency to use public transportation is the main solution in order to reduce the unfortunate results of personal transportation. In fact, comfort and convenience during daily urban trips is an important factor which encourages people to use public transportation. The main objectives of this study are recognizing and evaluating comfort and convenience in urban public transportation and identifying and measuring those criteria and indicators which represent comfort and convenience in urban public transportation. In line with the aforementioned objectives, first, the concepts of comfort and convenience have been explained. Next, both concepts are identified in urban public transportation. Then, a conceptual model is formulated based on 18 indicators explaining convenience and comfort in daily trips based on public transportation. The case under study was the 28th bus line of Isfahan metropolis. In order to evaluate the 18 indicators, F'ANP model was applied. The findings show that comfort and convenience in urban public transportation is influenced by five factors including ‘quality of services and facilities’, ‘passenger capacity and environmental beauty’, ‘efficiency of public transportation’, ‘effectiveness of public transportation’, and ‘safety and security’. In addition, based on the results of F'ANP model, ‘quality of air conditioner, heating and cooling facilities, ‘disabled persons facilities’, ‘cleanliness of station and bus environments’, ‘station facilities (shelter and seats)’ disturb comfort and convenience during trips in the bus line under investigation. Conversely, ‘the possibility of sitting during trips’, ‘beauty of trip environment’, ‘distance between stations and passengers’ points of departure’ and ‘distance between the bus stations in a bus line to those of other bus lines’ are the indicators which provide the highest extent of comfort and convenience for the passengers during public transportation trips. Research has shown that excessive tendency to use personal transportation can lead to catastrophic outcomes for a city and its citizens. Researchers and policy makers affirm that increasing the people’s tendency to use public transportation is the main solution in order to reduce the unfortunate results of personal transportation. In fact, comfort and convenience during daily urban trips is an important factor which encourages people to use public transportation. The main objectives of this study are recognizing and evaluating comfort and convenience in urban public transportation and identifying and measuring those criteria and indicators which represent comfort and convenience in urban public transportation. In line with the aforementioned objectives, first, the concepts of comfort and convenience have been explained. Next, both concepts are identified in urban public transportation. Then, a conceptual model is formulated based on 18 indicators explaining convenience and comfort in daily trips based on public transportation. The case under study was the 28th bus line of Isfahan metropolis. In order to evaluate the 18 indicators, F'ANP model was applied. The findings show that comfort and convenience in urban public transportation is influenced by five factors including ‘quality of services and facilities’, ‘passenger capacity and environmental beauty’, ‘efficiency of public transportation’, ‘effectiveness of public transportation’, and ‘safety and security’. In addition, based on the results of F'ANP model, ‘quality of air conditioner, heating and cooling facilities, ‘disabled persons facilities’, ‘cleanliness of station and bus environments’, ‘station facilities (shelter and seats)’ disturb comfort and convenience during trips in the bus line under investigation. Conversely, ‘the possibility of sitting during trips’, ‘beauty of trip environment’, ‘distance between stations and passengers’ points of departure’ and ‘distance between the bus stations in a bus line to those of other bus lines’ are the indicators which provide the highest extent of comfort and convenience for the passengers during public transportation trips.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_2926_12e64075df1753e06e4d0b9e0c7a93de.pdf