University of GuilanUrban Planning Knowledge2645-54122420190220The role of good urban governance in the realization of the resilient city
(A case study of Ahwāz city)The role of good urban governance in the realization of the resilient city
(A case study of Ahwāz city)118327910.22124/upk.2019.12195.1162FASaeedMalekiShahid Chamrān University of Ahvāz, Ahvāz, IrānMahmoudĀrvinPhD Candiadte in Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehrān, Tehrān, IrānShahrāmBazrafkanMA at Geography and Urban Planning, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehrān, IrānJournal Article19700101Issues such as the growing urban population, urbanization of societies, globalization, the necessity of responsiveness and being citizen – based, has directed Managers and decision-makers to utilize the optimal methods in urban management. Here, one of the most famous methods is good urban governance. A good urban governance approach has been presented by international organizations to reduce poverty and improve quality of life, especially in the developing cities. Also, taking advantage of the good urban governance approach could bring sustainable, safe, viable and resilient cities. The purpose of this research was evaluating the role of the good urban governance pattern on urban resilience in Ahwāz city. According to the research objectives, it was an applied study, and according to the method, it was a descriptive-analytic one. In this research, 36 questions for the »good urban governance variable (participation, being justice-centered, agreement and consensus-centered, efficiency and effectiveness, legality, clarity, responsibility and accountability) and urban resilience (economic, social, institutional-management and infrastructure-physical) has been used. The research population consisted of the academic professors, administrators, and experts familiar with the research topic in Ahvāz city, from which 40 persons were selected as the research sample, using the purposeful sampling method. Findings showed that there is a high positive relation (0.69) between the indicators of participation, being justice-centered, agreement and consensus-centered, efficiency and effectiveness, legality, clarity, responsibility and accountability which reflect the good urban governance and the urban resilience variable in Ahvāz city. Therefore, with the improvement of good urban governance indicators in Ahwāz city, the resilience of this city and its citizens could also increase.Issues such as the growing urban population, urbanization of societies, globalization, the necessity of responsiveness and being citizen – based, has directed Managers and decision-makers to utilize the optimal methods in urban management. Here, one of the most famous methods is good urban governance. A good urban governance approach has been presented by international organizations to reduce poverty and improve quality of life, especially in the developing cities. Also, taking advantage of the good urban governance approach could bring sustainable, safe, viable and resilient cities. The purpose of this research was evaluating the role of the good urban governance pattern on urban resilience in Ahwāz city. According to the research objectives, it was an applied study, and according to the method, it was a descriptive-analytic one. In this research, 36 questions for the »good urban governance variable (participation, being justice-centered, agreement and consensus-centered, efficiency and effectiveness, legality, clarity, responsibility and accountability) and urban resilience (economic, social, institutional-management and infrastructure-physical) has been used. The research population consisted of the academic professors, administrators, and experts familiar with the research topic in Ahvāz city, from which 40 persons were selected as the research sample, using the purposeful sampling method. Findings showed that there is a high positive relation (0.69) between the indicators of participation, being justice-centered, agreement and consensus-centered, efficiency and effectiveness, legality, clarity, responsibility and accountability which reflect the good urban governance and the urban resilience variable in Ahvāz city. Therefore, with the improvement of good urban governance indicators in Ahwāz city, the resilience of this city and its citizens could also increase.https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_3279_b4c5d0c744ce8a11221c7968aeadcfa3.pdfUniversity of GuilanUrban Planning Knowledge2645-54122420190220Citizen Satisfaction Evaluation of Relationship between Environmental Qualities and Social Sustainability (Case Study: Chizar Neighborhood, Tehran, Iran)Citizen Satisfaction Evaluation of Relationship between Environmental Qualities and Social Sustainability (Case Study: Chizar Neighborhood, Tehran, Iran)1931328110.22124/upk.2019.10171.1090FAMohammadSheikhiDepartment of urban and regional planning, school of social sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.MahmoodJomepourDepartment of urban and regional planning, school of social sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.AfshinSajadiDepartment of urban and regional planning, school of social sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article19700101Attention to interaction between environmental and social indicators prevents a one-dimensional view of the sustainable development in urban planning and the results of its analysis can be used as a useful guide for urban planners. Therefore, this paper aims to citizen satisfaction evaluation of the relationship between physical and social factors in growth and development of neighborhoods especially in the case of Chizar neighborhood located in city of Tehran. This research is a fieldwork with descriptive-analytical approach, its theoretical framework has been collected by librarian studies, and data have been collected by surveying method and questionnaire tools. The result of research showed the average level of Chizar inhabitants in environmental qualities and low level in social sustainability. In environmental quality indexes, the walkability and safety, and in social sustainability indexes, social trust and social partnership respectively have maximum and minimum level between other indexes. Meaningful relationship between environmental quality and social sustainability was checked and their relationship was proven; also, the relationship between their indexes was checked and proven. In addition, the central role of the neighborhood center, walkability, local community networks and the contextual areas of communicative action have been identified as the most important factors contributing to the interaction between environmental quality and social sustainability.Attention to interaction between environmental and social indicators prevents a one-dimensional view of the sustainable development in urban planning and the results of its analysis can be used as a useful guide for urban planners. Therefore, this paper aims to citizen satisfaction evaluation of the relationship between physical and social factors in growth and development of neighborhoods especially in the case of Chizar neighborhood located in city of Tehran. This research is a fieldwork with descriptive-analytical approach, its theoretical framework has been collected by librarian studies, and data have been collected by surveying method and questionnaire tools. The result of research showed the average level of Chizar inhabitants in environmental qualities and low level in social sustainability. In environmental quality indexes, the walkability and safety, and in social sustainability indexes, social trust and social partnership respectively have maximum and minimum level between other indexes. Meaningful relationship between environmental quality and social sustainability was checked and their relationship was proven; also, the relationship between their indexes was checked and proven. In addition, the central role of the neighborhood center, walkability, local community networks and the contextual areas of communicative action have been identified as the most important factors contributing to the interaction between environmental quality and social sustainability.https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_3281_a1bd16439d4b3a3fbfa1817349025289.pdfUniversity of GuilanUrban Planning Knowledge2645-54122420190220Analysis of the residents' satisfaction with neighborhood based on the components of safety and sense of community (The case of Shirāz city)Analysis of the residents' satisfaction with neighborhood based on the components of safety and sense of community (The case of Shirāz city)3349328310.22124/upk.2019.11819.1146FAKhalilHajipourDepartment of Urbanism, Faculty of Art & Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-8018-7842Seyed MojtabaFakhrahmadDepartment of Urbanism, Faculty of Art & Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranAliSoltaniDepartment of Urbanism, Faculty of Art & Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, AustraliaJournal Article19700101The level of residents' satisfaction of the neighborhood could be influenced by the objective and subjective factors. While the majority of the research has focused on the objective factors, in this research, the role of perceptual factors on determining the level of satisfaction from neighborhood has been explored. The main aim of this paper was to identify and investigate the social factors influential on the neighborhood desirability, with emphasis on the individual residents' perceptions. The scope of this research was the neighborhood residents of the city of Shirāz and the research population included the whole number of households living within the city limits, from which 367 households were selected as the sample, in order to distribute the questionnaires among them. According to the existing literature, social safety and the sense of community are the two social characteristics of the residential neighborhood which have the most impact on the residents’ satisfaction. In this study, social safety including 3 indicators, i.e., the perceived security, the experience of crime and the social control, and the sense of community including 2 indicators, i.e., the shared memories and the social solidarity among the residents and the trustworthy neighbors have been assessed. The results of the ordinal regression indicated that the perceived security safety and the social control, are the two factors, influential on the perceptual desirability of the neighborhood. Also, with the increase in the time of the residence in a neighborhood, there would be increase at the level of perceptual desirability.The level of residents' satisfaction of the neighborhood could be influenced by the objective and subjective factors. While the majority of the research has focused on the objective factors, in this research, the role of perceptual factors on determining the level of satisfaction from neighborhood has been explored. The main aim of this paper was to identify and investigate the social factors influential on the neighborhood desirability, with emphasis on the individual residents' perceptions. The scope of this research was the neighborhood residents of the city of Shirāz and the research population included the whole number of households living within the city limits, from which 367 households were selected as the sample, in order to distribute the questionnaires among them. According to the existing literature, social safety and the sense of community are the two social characteristics of the residential neighborhood which have the most impact on the residents’ satisfaction. In this study, social safety including 3 indicators, i.e., the perceived security, the experience of crime and the social control, and the sense of community including 2 indicators, i.e., the shared memories and the social solidarity among the residents and the trustworthy neighbors have been assessed. The results of the ordinal regression indicated that the perceived security safety and the social control, are the two factors, influential on the perceptual desirability of the neighborhood. Also, with the increase in the time of the residence in a neighborhood, there would be increase at the level of perceptual desirability.https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_3283_bd4c4cb7ff2c487dec9093bdf0c9f425.pdfUniversity of GuilanUrban Planning Knowledge2645-54122420190220Evaluation of the pedestrian-friendly projects
(Case study of sidewalks)Evaluation of the pedestrian-friendly projects
(Case study of sidewalks)5165328510.22124/upk.2019.10385.1086FATaherParizadiAssistant Professor, Faculty Member of Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.MahdiMoradiMA in Urban Planning at Islāmic Āzād University (Science and Research Branch), Tehrān, IrānJournal Article19700101The importance of the pedestrian areas has diminished with the dominance of modernism and the overwhelming adaptation of the design of the city, commensurate with the ride and as the time passed, the pedestrians lost their status and priority in the urban spaces. Also, zoning policies and the separation of the urban functions and uses during modern urbanization have led to the loss of dynamism and life of the cities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and understand the challenges and issues of the pedestrian construction projects before, during and after their implementation in Shohadā Blvd. (Qhiyām square to Shohadā Square) of Boroujerd city. According to the research objectives, it was applied, and according to the research method, it was a descriptive-analytic study. The research data were both qualitative and quantitative which were collected using the questionnaire and they were analyzed using the <em>Pearson's Chi-square</em>Test. Findings indicated that the lack of unified, independent and centralized management, ambiguity and uncertainty among the urban managers regarding the necessity and importance of the adaptation of information system for the timely informing the residents and users or neglecting the local participation, are the most important challenges facing the adaptation projects before their implementation. The problems caused by daily business activities, especially pedestrian traffic with multiple stops during the implementation of the project and the lack of staff or any person responsible for the maintenance of the equipment are the most important challenging components while and after the implementation of the projects.The importance of the pedestrian areas has diminished with the dominance of modernism and the overwhelming adaptation of the design of the city, commensurate with the ride and as the time passed, the pedestrians lost their status and priority in the urban spaces. Also, zoning policies and the separation of the urban functions and uses during modern urbanization have led to the loss of dynamism and life of the cities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and understand the challenges and issues of the pedestrian construction projects before, during and after their implementation in Shohadā Blvd. (Qhiyām square to Shohadā Square) of Boroujerd city. According to the research objectives, it was applied, and according to the research method, it was a descriptive-analytic study. The research data were both qualitative and quantitative which were collected using the questionnaire and they were analyzed using the <em>Pearson's Chi-square</em>Test. Findings indicated that the lack of unified, independent and centralized management, ambiguity and uncertainty among the urban managers regarding the necessity and importance of the adaptation of information system for the timely informing the residents and users or neglecting the local participation, are the most important challenges facing the adaptation projects before their implementation. The problems caused by daily business activities, especially pedestrian traffic with multiple stops during the implementation of the project and the lack of staff or any person responsible for the maintenance of the equipment are the most important challenging components while and after the implementation of the projects.https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_3285_425b1c8a71db178e212686bf85050ac3.pdfUniversity of GuilanUrban Planning Knowledge2645-54122420190220Designing the planning pattern of tourism development in Bābolsar city with the combinatorial approach (SWOT and ISM)Designing the planning pattern of tourism development in Bābolsar city with the combinatorial approach (SWOT and ISM)6781328210.22124/upk.2019.11047.1118FAMohammadAkbarpourRāzi University, Kermānshāh, IrānAliGholamiPhD Candidate in Geography and Rural Planning at the University of Tehrān, Tehrān, IrānFatemehMohammadzadehPhD Candidate in Geography and Rural Planning at the University of Tehrān, Tehrān, IrānJournal Article19700101Tourism as the world's most diverse and largest service activity is the most important source of income and develops job opportunity for many countries around the world. Tourism is referred to as the engine of development, and because of its economic - social importance, it is getting more and more attention and the governments are paying more attention to it. Today, it is one of the main pillars of the world's economy that can directly and indirectly affect the other economic and cultural activities through creating the highest amount of the added value. The planning and development of tourism as an important factor in the process of economizing the social and cultural affairs, and the instrumental, functional and commodity attitude to the nature and culture necessitates the attention to the different views on tourism. Tourism is often used as a tool to stimulate critical economies and boost the developmental activities through the creation of jobs and income. In the routine strategic planning research, SWOT technique is used to propose strategies. This method has some shortcomings such as proposing only one set of identified strategies and excluding other strategies, as well as failing to provide a clear picture of the planning process and its various levels, and failing to identify the underlying (most independent) and most dependent strategies. This study aims to identify the potential of tourism in Bābolsar city and adopt the best strategies according to this potential to plan for the tourism development of this city. This study was applied according to its objectives and according to nature, it was a descriptive – analytic research. The data were collected based on the documentary and survey methods. The data were collected from the four groups of the statistical population (the host community, tourists, authorities and tourism experts). For the analysis of the internal and external factorsو influential on tourism in the Bābolsar City and the formulation of the development strategies, SWOT model was used. Also, to design and explain the identified strategies, interpretive structural modeling and ISM software were used. Based on the results, the diversification strategies (ST) are acceptable for tourism development in the Bābolsar city. With regard to the identified standard strategies (STs) and the interpretive-structural modeling in the ISM software environment, the results showed that the strategy of formulating rules and regulations on how to use the tourism centers is the most fundamental and the strategies of strengthening the tourism infrastructure, the use of experts in planning and development, and improving the service provider centers to tourists are the most dependent strategies in the strategic planning model.Tourism as the world's most diverse and largest service activity is the most important source of income and develops job opportunity for many countries around the world. Tourism is referred to as the engine of development, and because of its economic - social importance, it is getting more and more attention and the governments are paying more attention to it. Today, it is one of the main pillars of the world's economy that can directly and indirectly affect the other economic and cultural activities through creating the highest amount of the added value. The planning and development of tourism as an important factor in the process of economizing the social and cultural affairs, and the instrumental, functional and commodity attitude to the nature and culture necessitates the attention to the different views on tourism. Tourism is often used as a tool to stimulate critical economies and boost the developmental activities through the creation of jobs and income. In the routine strategic planning research, SWOT technique is used to propose strategies. This method has some shortcomings such as proposing only one set of identified strategies and excluding other strategies, as well as failing to provide a clear picture of the planning process and its various levels, and failing to identify the underlying (most independent) and most dependent strategies. This study aims to identify the potential of tourism in Bābolsar city and adopt the best strategies according to this potential to plan for the tourism development of this city. This study was applied according to its objectives and according to nature, it was a descriptive – analytic research. The data were collected based on the documentary and survey methods. The data were collected from the four groups of the statistical population (the host community, tourists, authorities and tourism experts). For the analysis of the internal and external factorsو influential on tourism in the Bābolsar City and the formulation of the development strategies, SWOT model was used. Also, to design and explain the identified strategies, interpretive structural modeling and ISM software were used. Based on the results, the diversification strategies (ST) are acceptable for tourism development in the Bābolsar city. With regard to the identified standard strategies (STs) and the interpretive-structural modeling in the ISM software environment, the results showed that the strategy of formulating rules and regulations on how to use the tourism centers is the most fundamental and the strategies of strengthening the tourism infrastructure, the use of experts in planning and development, and improving the service provider centers to tourists are the most dependent strategies in the strategic planning model.https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_3282_cc9044ad4c838ff4f922e968043712a2.pdfUniversity of GuilanUrban Planning Knowledge2645-54122420190220A Comparative Analysis of Ilām City Zones from the Viewpoint of New Urbanists Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) MethodA Comparative Analysis of Ilām City Zones from the Viewpoint of New Urbanists Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method8393355110.22124/upk.2019.8712.1136FAMohammadSalavarzi ZadehDepartment of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Ilam University, Ilam, IranAliashrafNourooziMA at Geography and Urban Planning, Bākhtar University of Ilām, Ilām, IrānKaramKhaliliAssistant Professor, Department of Management, Ilam Branch, Ilam, IranJournal Article19700101This research is aimed at a comparative analysis of Ilām city zones from the viewpoint of new urbanists, using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. This research was applied in terms of its objectives, field research according to the degree and rate and of control, and descriptive in terms of monitoring data. Also, from among the descriptive methods, survey has been used. The data was collected through the structured interview, and a questionnaire with 9-point preference scale, adopted by Thomas L. Saaty. The target population in this study included the administration and urban planning experts in Ilām city, from which 12 experts were chosen as the research sample, using purposive sampling method. Benchmarks were obtained using the literature review. Based on this, the criteria of density increase in the context, observing the continuous traffic network, existence of the different types of housing, the existence and maintenance of traditional structures’ reinforcement, the existence of open green spaces and parking lots, public transportation, security in urban contexts, mixed uses and attention to the walkability category were selected as the new urbanism criteria. Data was analyzed using “Expert choice” software, “AHP” method and sensitivity analysis. Findings showed that on the basis of new urbanism criteria, zone 1 obtained most of the points with the final weight of 0.441, and therefore has higher priority, compared to other zones of Ilām city. Zone's 2 and 3 were the next priorities, with weights 0/326 and 0/147, respectively and zone 4 with final weight of 0/085 has the fourth priority.This research is aimed at a comparative analysis of Ilām city zones from the viewpoint of new urbanists, using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. This research was applied in terms of its objectives, field research according to the degree and rate and of control, and descriptive in terms of monitoring data. Also, from among the descriptive methods, survey has been used. The data was collected through the structured interview, and a questionnaire with 9-point preference scale, adopted by Thomas L. Saaty. The target population in this study included the administration and urban planning experts in Ilām city, from which 12 experts were chosen as the research sample, using purposive sampling method. Benchmarks were obtained using the literature review. Based on this, the criteria of density increase in the context, observing the continuous traffic network, existence of the different types of housing, the existence and maintenance of traditional structures’ reinforcement, the existence of open green spaces and parking lots, public transportation, security in urban contexts, mixed uses and attention to the walkability category were selected as the new urbanism criteria. Data was analyzed using “Expert choice” software, “AHP” method and sensitivity analysis. Findings showed that on the basis of new urbanism criteria, zone 1 obtained most of the points with the final weight of 0.441, and therefore has higher priority, compared to other zones of Ilām city. Zone's 2 and 3 were the next priorities, with weights 0/326 and 0/147, respectively and zone 4 with final weight of 0/085 has the fourth priority.https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_3551_c456cfed896f50d02aa3aba05eb4bcaa.pdfUniversity of GuilanUrban Planning Knowledge2645-54122420190220Feasibility Study of the Increase in Building Density With Regard To the Passages’ Network Capacity: Case Study of Bahār District of Tabriz CityFeasibility Study of the Increase in Building Density With Regard To the Passages’ Network Capacity: Case Study of Bahār District of Tabriz City95109328410.22124/upk.2019.11842.1149FARasoulGhorbaniDirector of Department of Urban Planning, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IrānZahraRasuolzadeDepartment of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IrānJournal Article19700101In the current century, the escalation of issues such as population growth, urbanization, people's demand for housing or work in a particular place, and the prevention of urban expansion, ... are among the factors that have highlighted the increase in building density in cities. Therefore, this process must be progressively accomplished, so that the infrastructures necessary for this process could be provided in parallel. However, the determination of the density in Tabriz metropolis, has been done regardless of the infrastructure of transit network, so that this has failed to meet the population's traffic needs and heavy traffic in this metropolis. In this study, the feasibility of increase in the density of building with respect to the passages’ network acceptance capacity of Tabriz metropolis has been investigated in Bahār neighborhood of this city. To achieve this goal, the identification and determination of the points of the passages’ network which face with shortages or surplus capacities have been dealt with, by estimating the volume of traffic in each passage of the study area, to determine areas with excess density and areas with potential of increasing density, at the scope of the study. Data of this research have been collected using field studies and to analyze these data, AIMSUN and ARCGIS software have been used. The results showed that the main passages in the study area have a traffic problem, so that the volume of transit traffic through the study area by itself puts the passage level at the threshold of C level (desirable urban service level). Also, the production traffic load alone and apart from transit traffic load provides a level C service, since it is not possible to separate transit and production traffic in the short term without developing arterial network and modifying the passages’ network around the neighborhood. Therefore, the Bahār neighborhood has been saturated, considering the passage reception capacity and does not have the capability to increase the building density.In the current century, the escalation of issues such as population growth, urbanization, people's demand for housing or work in a particular place, and the prevention of urban expansion, ... are among the factors that have highlighted the increase in building density in cities. Therefore, this process must be progressively accomplished, so that the infrastructures necessary for this process could be provided in parallel. However, the determination of the density in Tabriz metropolis, has been done regardless of the infrastructure of transit network, so that this has failed to meet the population's traffic needs and heavy traffic in this metropolis. In this study, the feasibility of increase in the density of building with respect to the passages’ network acceptance capacity of Tabriz metropolis has been investigated in Bahār neighborhood of this city. To achieve this goal, the identification and determination of the points of the passages’ network which face with shortages or surplus capacities have been dealt with, by estimating the volume of traffic in each passage of the study area, to determine areas with excess density and areas with potential of increasing density, at the scope of the study. Data of this research have been collected using field studies and to analyze these data, AIMSUN and ARCGIS software have been used. The results showed that the main passages in the study area have a traffic problem, so that the volume of transit traffic through the study area by itself puts the passage level at the threshold of C level (desirable urban service level). Also, the production traffic load alone and apart from transit traffic load provides a level C service, since it is not possible to separate transit and production traffic in the short term without developing arterial network and modifying the passages’ network around the neighborhood. Therefore, the Bahār neighborhood has been saturated, considering the passage reception capacity and does not have the capability to increase the building density.https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_3284_77c17d59fcede4fbb0c4cd8e9f5ce6d2.pdf