University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 3 4 2020 01 21 Investigating the Factors Influential on the Urban and Regional Spatial Structure Using the Content Analysis Method Investigating the Factors Influential on the Urban and Regional Spatial Structure Using the Content Analysis Method 1 14 3933 10.22124/upk.2020.15246.1359 FA Neda Malekzadeh urban and regional Planning PhD Candidate, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Hashem Dadashpoor Associate professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Mojtaba Rafieian Associate professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2019 09 23 Problem Statement: Investigating the urban and regional spatial structure over the last two decades has undoubtedly been one of the most challenging issues in this field. So far, the most studies have focused on identifying and analyzing the spatial structure and spatial distribution of the population and activity and the comprehensive studies have not been conducted to investigate the factors affecting the urban and regional spatial structure. Objectives: Therefore, this paper intended to review the scholarly literature on the factors and forces influential on developing and changing the urban and regional spatial structure. Research Method: The study was conducted through the content analysis method. At the first step, after identifying the study area and the keywords to search for the valid English databases, 66 papers were selected from among the papers published between 1998 and February 2019. At the next step, the summarization of the data and their coding were conducted and finally the effective factors and driving forces were categorized and analyzed. Results and findings: The results showed that 8 main categories of factors including the demographic changes and social processes, economic processes, infrastructure and equipment, physical and environmental, rules and regulations, globalization and the driving forces in accordance with these factors are influential on the urban and regional spatial structure. The findings revealed that the factors and driving forces influence the spatial structure in a hierarchical form and with different intensities. Problem Statement: Investigating the urban and regional spatial structure over the last two decades has undoubtedly been one of the most challenging issues in this field. So far, the most studies have focused on identifying and analyzing the spatial structure and spatial distribution of the population and activity and the comprehensive studies have not been conducted to investigate the factors affecting the urban and regional spatial structure. Objectives: Therefore, this paper intended to review the scholarly literature on the factors and forces influential on developing and changing the urban and regional spatial structure. Research Method: The study was conducted through the content analysis method. At the first step, after identifying the study area and the keywords to search for the valid English databases, 66 papers were selected from among the papers published between 1998 and February 2019. At the next step, the summarization of the data and their coding were conducted and finally the effective factors and driving forces were categorized and analyzed. Results and findings: The results showed that 8 main categories of factors including the demographic changes and social processes, economic processes, infrastructure and equipment, physical and environmental, rules and regulations, globalization and the driving forces in accordance with these factors are influential on the urban and regional spatial structure. The findings revealed that the factors and driving forces influence the spatial structure in a hierarchical form and with different intensities.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_3933_330509362c49631c2051039f331c23ac.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 3 4 2020 01 21 Rethinking the Conceptual Challenge between Plan and Design in the Discourse of Iran's Urban Development: From Education to Practice Rethinking the Conceptual Challenge between Plan and Design in the Discourse of Iran's Urban Development: From Education to Practice 15 32 3935 10.22124/upk.2020.14423.1289 FA Naser Barati Urban Development Engineering, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Development, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran. Maedeh Mohaghegh Montazeri MA in Sociology, University of Guilān, Rasht, Iran Mohammad Nikpeyma MA in Urban Planning, Imām Khomeini International University (IKIU), Qazvin, Iran Journal Article 2019 09 15 Problem Statement: Applying the academic skills to the profession has always been one of the most important concerns of the governments. In addition to establishing a link between the University and the profession, it could direct and give meaning to each of them. This issue has more sensitivity for some specialized disciplines such as the urbanism which has a tangible and comprehensive relationship with everyday life and the social needs of citizens. However, there are some problems in the contemporary Iranian urban discourse whose roots go back to the early years of the emergence of this branch of science, almost simultaneously with the establishment of the Plan and Budget Organization in 1948. Among the discrepancies in this discourse that have caused many disruptions in the urban development have been the contradiction and misunderstanding of the two dominant conceptual-operational paradigms of 'plan' and 'design'. Objective: The purpose of this article was to explore the roots of this paradoxical inefficiency between the 'plan' and 'design' and to find solutions to overcome these conditions. Method: In the research process, while posing the conceptual questions at the beginning of the research, using the discourse analysis method and based on the existing experiences in Iran's urbanism with a focus on the comprehensive urban plans and examining the reflection of the academic education in this process, it has been analyzed and critically evaluated. Result: Findings revealed the factors affecting the process of Iran's urbanism in 10 separate axes. They were reviewed in accordance with the academic education environment of this discipline. These axes were, in fact, categorized and presented as answers to the questions posed at the beginning of the research process. Conclusion: Most of the criticism raised in the shortcomings of Iran's urban discourse is due to the failure to comply with the hierarchy of "plan" and "design". The emphasis on preparing thecomprehensive plans to address all the problems of the cities has added to the intensity of the existing contradictions. Problem Statement: Applying the academic skills to the profession has always been one of the most important concerns of the governments. In addition to establishing a link between the University and the profession, it could direct and give meaning to each of them. This issue has more sensitivity for some specialized disciplines such as the urbanism which has a tangible and comprehensive relationship with everyday life and the social needs of citizens. However, there are some problems in the contemporary Iranian urban discourse whose roots go back to the early years of the emergence of this branch of science, almost simultaneously with the establishment of the Plan and Budget Organization in 1948. Among the discrepancies in this discourse that have caused many disruptions in the urban development have been the contradiction and misunderstanding of the two dominant conceptual-operational paradigms of 'plan' and 'design'. Objective: The purpose of this article was to explore the roots of this paradoxical inefficiency between the 'plan' and 'design' and to find solutions to overcome these conditions. Method: In the research process, while posing the conceptual questions at the beginning of the research, using the discourse analysis method and based on the existing experiences in Iran's urbanism with a focus on the comprehensive urban plans and examining the reflection of the academic education in this process, it has been analyzed and critically evaluated. Result: Findings revealed the factors affecting the process of Iran's urbanism in 10 separate axes. They were reviewed in accordance with the academic education environment of this discipline. These axes were, in fact, categorized and presented as answers to the questions posed at the beginning of the research process. Conclusion: Most of the criticism raised in the shortcomings of Iran's urban discourse is due to the failure to comply with the hierarchy of "plan" and "design". The emphasis on preparing thecomprehensive plans to address all the problems of the cities has added to the intensity of the existing contradictions.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_3935_a7036b1d404f60c9c5fd1103112455d3.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 3 4 2020 01 21 Comparative Study of the Traditional Urbanism with the Modern One (Case Study of the New City Of Immigrants and Shāzand City) Comparative Study of the Traditional Urbanism with the Modern One (Case Study of the New City Of Immigrants and Shāzand City) 33 52 3936 10.22124/upk.2020.15101.1342 FA Hassan Ahmadi Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning and Design, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Mehrdad Mehrjou Graduate Student of Urbanism-Urban Planning, Department of Urban Planning and Design, University Of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Journal Article 2019 08 03 Problem statement: In recent years, the metropolitan population has increased due to the migration, so new cities have been built with the goals such as reducing the metropolitan populations, developing the employment, and so on. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of success of the traditional and modern cities in the economic and social contexts and these factors were used for the success of both the mentioned cities. Methods: The research method in this study was comparative and based on the analytical methods. Questionnaire was used to collect the required information and it was completed using the random sampling. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated (0.858). The research population consisted of 117571 people in Shāzand city and 20346 people in the new city of immigrants. The selected sample size was calculated using Cochran formula as 383 and 377, respectively. Results: To compare the level of the satisfaction of the citizens with the two-sample t-test and the Levon-2 test, Shāzand city with the mean of 13.41 had lower satisfaction compared to the new city of immigrants with the mean of 16.25. In this regard, the t-test with a value of -0.473 and a significance level of 0.000 rejected the null hypothesis and the inequality of variances of the two cities was confirmed. Accordingly, the mean of the two cities had a significant difference (2.84). Finally, using multiple regression analysis, the analytical model was calculated using the standardized coefficients of each criterion in the two cities. Conclusion: The results showed that the citizens of Shāzand and the new city of immigrants have believed that the success of the new city in terms of the economic status such as employment and its operating system in the urban self-sufficiency was more than Shāzand. Problem statement: In recent years, the metropolitan population has increased due to the migration, so new cities have been built with the goals such as reducing the metropolitan populations, developing the employment, and so on. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of success of the traditional and modern cities in the economic and social contexts and these factors were used for the success of both the mentioned cities. Methods: The research method in this study was comparative and based on the analytical methods. Questionnaire was used to collect the required information and it was completed using the random sampling. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated (0.858). The research population consisted of 117571 people in Shāzand city and 20346 people in the new city of immigrants. The selected sample size was calculated using Cochran formula as 383 and 377, respectively. Results: To compare the level of the satisfaction of the citizens with the two-sample t-test and the Levon-2 test, Shāzand city with the mean of 13.41 had lower satisfaction compared to the new city of immigrants with the mean of 16.25. In this regard, the t-test with a value of -0.473 and a significance level of 0.000 rejected the null hypothesis and the inequality of variances of the two cities was confirmed. Accordingly, the mean of the two cities had a significant difference (2.84). Finally, using multiple regression analysis, the analytical model was calculated using the standardized coefficients of each criterion in the two cities. Conclusion: The results showed that the citizens of Shāzand and the new city of immigrants have believed that the success of the new city in terms of the economic status such as employment and its operating system in the urban self-sufficiency was more than Shāzand.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_3936_d61a264605dfbd72c6a36212e22f4f1c.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 3 4 2020 01 21 Identification of the urban self-organization's dimensions and components using the meta-synthesis method Identification of the urban self-organization's dimensions and components using the meta-synthesis method 53 71 3934 10.22124/upk.2020.14199.1278 FA Fatemeh Saffar Sabzevar PhD Candidate, Department of Urbanism, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran Maryam Daneshvar Assistant Professor, Department of Urbanism, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran Toktam Hanaee Assistant Professor, Department of Urbanism, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran Seyed Moslem Seyedolhosseini Associate Professor, Department of Urbanism, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran Journal Article 2019 08 29 Problem statement: Since the arrival of the concept of self-organization from the domain of the complex systems to the field of urban studies, this topic has attracted many scholars. Various researchers have come up with it from two different approaches including the socio-spatial self-organizing and community-based urban self-organization. Studies showed that the concept of the urban self-organization can help planners to improve not only the unexpected spatial-social events in cities and the inadequate implementation of the anticipated plans and programs, but also the inefficiencies in the existing collaborative processes. Trying to apply the concept of the urban self-organization in the planning and management of the cities requires a detailed understanding of this concept and its various aspects. However, there has been no research that investigates all the dimensions, features and components of this concept and provides a comprehensive understanding of the urban self-organization. In this regard, the present study seeks to answer this question: what are the dimensions and components of the concept of the urban self-organization? Aim: the purpose of the present study was to identify the dimensions and components of this concept and to achieve a comprehensive understanding of it. The results of this research can clarify the different dimensions of the urban self-organization concept for exploitation in the development of cities and neighborhoods of the country. Methodology: In this research, the meta-synthesis has been used to study the concept of the urban self-organization and to explain its dimensions and components. The research population consisted of all Persian and English scientific articles published in the field of the urban self-organization, without temporal and spatial constraints. The Sid, Magiran, Springer, Google Scholar, Wiley, Science Direct and Taylor & Francis databases have been used to access these articles. The total number of the articles obtained in this study was 62, which was reviewed by the CASP method in order to obtain more accurate results. After screening articles through the CASP, there was 29 articles and due to the low sample size, all of them were examined. Of the 29 final papers, 11 articles had considered urban self-organization as a socio-spatial theme (first view), they were published mainly in the early years of introducing the self-organization in the field of the urban studies. The remaining 18 articles had referred to the urban self-organization as a community-based phenomenon (second view), which has been included in the urban discourse since about 2010. The final sources were coded using the MAXQDA 10 software with a focus on the research question, aiming at a comprehensive understanding of the concept of the urban self-organization and explaining its various dimensions. Findings: During the data extraction process, 108 codes were identified and then they were grouped into five categories according to the similarity of concepts, i.e., "fields and factors", "supporting theories", "properties", "scope of use" and "measure". It was tried to explain each of the mentioned categories based on the type of the view, respectively. Conclusion: In the present study, for the first time, the dimensions and components of the urban self-organization were investigated in detail.The results of the present study showed that although according to the existing theories, the nature of the urban self-organization processes is based on the local interactions and not the interference of the external factors such as the government, however, to study these processes and to use them in planning processes, it is necessary to consider the role of the environmental and external factors. In order to support and encourage the processes of the urban self-organization as a tool for the collaborative planning which can assume some of the responsibilities of the governments, it is necessary first and foremost that the urban self-organization processes as valuable capacities to be accepted by the city officials. In order to take advantage of these capacities, it is necessary to establish and envisage the legal frameworks based on the citizens' collective initiatives. Transparency of the information related to the urban planning and sharing this information with the local residents through the use of the information technology and through the launch of the online sites and software are other measures that could support and accelerate these processes. Also, identifying the structural forces of each neighborhood, whether individual or local, and facilitating the exchange of information between the government and the citizen, are among the issues that should be addressed. In addition, upgrading the social capital in the neighborhoods can increase the likelihood of the urban self-organization processes at the neighborhood level. Problem statement: Since the arrival of the concept of self-organization from the domain of the complex systems to the field of urban studies, this topic has attracted many scholars. Various researchers have come up with it from two different approaches including the socio-spatial self-organizing and community-based urban self-organization. Studies showed that the concept of the urban self-organization can help planners to improve not only the unexpected spatial-social events in cities and the inadequate implementation of the anticipated plans and programs, but also the inefficiencies in the existing collaborative processes. Trying to apply the concept of the urban self-organization in the planning and management of the cities requires a detailed understanding of this concept and its various aspects. However, there has been no research that investigates all the dimensions, features and components of this concept and provides a comprehensive understanding of the urban self-organization. In this regard, the present study seeks to answer this question: what are the dimensions and components of the concept of the urban self-organization? Aim: the purpose of the present study was to identify the dimensions and components of this concept and to achieve a comprehensive understanding of it. The results of this research can clarify the different dimensions of the urban self-organization concept for exploitation in the development of cities and neighborhoods of the country. Methodology: In this research, the meta-synthesis has been used to study the concept of the urban self-organization and to explain its dimensions and components. The research population consisted of all Persian and English scientific articles published in the field of the urban self-organization, without temporal and spatial constraints. The Sid, Magiran, Springer, Google Scholar, Wiley, Science Direct and Taylor & Francis databases have been used to access these articles. The total number of the articles obtained in this study was 62, which was reviewed by the CASP method in order to obtain more accurate results. After screening articles through the CASP, there was 29 articles and due to the low sample size, all of them were examined. Of the 29 final papers, 11 articles had considered urban self-organization as a socio-spatial theme (first view), they were published mainly in the early years of introducing the self-organization in the field of the urban studies. The remaining 18 articles had referred to the urban self-organization as a community-based phenomenon (second view), which has been included in the urban discourse since about 2010. The final sources were coded using the MAXQDA 10 software with a focus on the research question, aiming at a comprehensive understanding of the concept of the urban self-organization and explaining its various dimensions. Findings: During the data extraction process, 108 codes were identified and then they were grouped into five categories according to the similarity of concepts, i.e., "fields and factors", "supporting theories", "properties", "scope of use" and "measure". It was tried to explain each of the mentioned categories based on the type of the view, respectively. Conclusion: In the present study, for the first time, the dimensions and components of the urban self-organization were investigated in detail.The results of the present study showed that although according to the existing theories, the nature of the urban self-organization processes is based on the local interactions and not the interference of the external factors such as the government, however, to study these processes and to use them in planning processes, it is necessary to consider the role of the environmental and external factors. In order to support and encourage the processes of the urban self-organization as a tool for the collaborative planning which can assume some of the responsibilities of the governments, it is necessary first and foremost that the urban self-organization processes as valuable capacities to be accepted by the city officials. In order to take advantage of these capacities, it is necessary to establish and envisage the legal frameworks based on the citizens' collective initiatives. Transparency of the information related to the urban planning and sharing this information with the local residents through the use of the information technology and through the launch of the online sites and software are other measures that could support and accelerate these processes. Also, identifying the structural forces of each neighborhood, whether individual or local, and facilitating the exchange of information between the government and the citizen, are among the issues that should be addressed. In addition, upgrading the social capital in the neighborhoods can increase the likelihood of the urban self-organization processes at the neighborhood level.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_3934_ce27434161c2ad0cb6dd90e3d9539e13.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 3 4 2020 01 21 Evaluation and Analysis of the Impact of the Constructed Contemporary Streets on the Structural-Spatial System of the Historical Fabric in the District 3 of Isfahan Evaluation and Analysis of the Impact of the Constructed Contemporary Streets on the Structural-Spatial System of the Historical Fabric in the District 3 of Isfahan 73 90 3942 10.22124/upk.2020.14846.1326 FA Mahmoud Ghalehnoee Associate Professor in Urban Design, Department of Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Safura Mokhtarzadeh Ph.D. in Urbanism, Department of Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Aylin Bahrami MA in Urban Design, Department of Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2019 10 27 Background: In urban projects, having a wholistic approach seems essential. So, the scope of the project cannot be a reason to ignore its interaction with its adjacent area in the urban structure. In the urban development plans, ignoring the old structure of the city by imposing the new street network leads to the serious damages to the integrity of the urban fabric. In Isfahan and especially in its historical area, projects to revitalize the Atiq Square (Kohne - Imām Ali), the creation of axes of Bagh-e-Goldaste, Martyr Moghaddam and Nizam al-Molk as the contemporary projects have been the referents of such interventions which had a direct or indirect impact on this structure. Objectives: The present study was focused on the urban network and it tried to find out how the new development projects especially the ones related to the transportation networks, could affect the structural-spatial system of Isfahan historical districts. Method: In this applied research, data were collected by the library and survey methods and they have been analyzed through the use of the space syntax method. After analyzing the spatial structure of the historical districts of the city in the most important periods of the physical transformation including Seljuk, Safavid, Pahlavi and the contemporary eras, the effect of the structural revival of the square and the other projects have been studied with a focus on the land use and the transportation dimensions. Result and Conclusion: Findings showed that the cohesion of the spatial structure and organization of the city existed only during the Seljuk and Safavid periods. In Safavid era, the new structure has been formed with respect to the old fabric, but the new street network in Pahlavi era has neglected the existing context. This new development has isolated some parts of the urban fabric. Also, it has eliminated the spatial connection of the previous periods’ spatial elements by deteriorating the integrity of the urban fabric/space through the new network imposed on the existent urban form. Background: In urban projects, having a wholistic approach seems essential. So, the scope of the project cannot be a reason to ignore its interaction with its adjacent area in the urban structure. In the urban development plans, ignoring the old structure of the city by imposing the new street network leads to the serious damages to the integrity of the urban fabric. In Isfahan and especially in its historical area, projects to revitalize the Atiq Square (Kohne - Imām Ali), the creation of axes of Bagh-e-Goldaste, Martyr Moghaddam and Nizam al-Molk as the contemporary projects have been the referents of such interventions which had a direct or indirect impact on this structure. Objectives: The present study was focused on the urban network and it tried to find out how the new development projects especially the ones related to the transportation networks, could affect the structural-spatial system of Isfahan historical districts. Method: In this applied research, data were collected by the library and survey methods and they have been analyzed through the use of the space syntax method. After analyzing the spatial structure of the historical districts of the city in the most important periods of the physical transformation including Seljuk, Safavid, Pahlavi and the contemporary eras, the effect of the structural revival of the square and the other projects have been studied with a focus on the land use and the transportation dimensions. Result and Conclusion: Findings showed that the cohesion of the spatial structure and organization of the city existed only during the Seljuk and Safavid periods. In Safavid era, the new structure has been formed with respect to the old fabric, but the new street network in Pahlavi era has neglected the existing context. This new development has isolated some parts of the urban fabric. Also, it has eliminated the spatial connection of the previous periods’ spatial elements by deteriorating the integrity of the urban fabric/space through the new network imposed on the existent urban form.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_3942_706bcd74205df1829a2a40e86e484702.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 3 4 2020 01 21 Developing a Mixed Theoretical Framework from the Interaction of the Space- Syntax Theory and the Behavior Setting Theory In Order To Compare the Behavioral-Movement Patterns within the Residential Environments of Tehran: Case Study of Nārmak, Yoosefābād and Shahrake Gharb Developing a Mixed Theoretical Framework from the Interaction of the Space- Syntax Theory and the Behavior Setting Theory In Order To Compare the Behavioral-Movement Patterns within the Residential Environments of Tehran: Case Study of Nārmak, Yoosefābād and Shahrake Gharb 91 110 3945 10.22124/upk.2020.13909.1248 FA Hamed Hamedani Golshan PhD, School of Architecture, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Ghasem Motalebi Associate Professor, School of Architecture, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mostafa Behzadfar Professor, School of Architecture and Environments, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2019 07 20 Background: Designing settlements and their formation patterns have always been one of the controversial topics in the architecture and planning. However, the reverberation of these patterns on forming the spatial structures in the residential layouts was the focal point of this research. The main aim of the current paper was to present a new framework based on the space syntax theory and to bridge it with the behavior setting theory. Objectives: This paper attempts to provide a basis for the study of the behavioral-movement patterns within the residential and urban fabric using its proposed theoretical framework. A review of the concepts and themes of the space syntax suggests that this theory is not capable of fully covering the behavioral-movement patterns within the fabrics and does not make such a claim. Ecological psychology, on the other hand, has been disintegrated in its Signomorphic sense. Method: In order to answer the main question, three suitable residential layouts have been chosen in Tehran as case studies: Nārmak, Yousefābād, and Shahrake Gharb. Moreover, the current situation of these communities, considering their private, semi-private, and public spaces were modeled in the depth map software which was developed by the space syntax research group at UCL. Afterwards, these layouts were observed during a four months' period. Result: comparing the results obtained from the depth map models and the experiments revealed the gap between the space syntax theory and the reality. To fill in this gap, Roger Barker's behavioral settings theory, which has the ability to provide the close-to-reality interpretations in the space syntax, was used. Conclusion: Comparing the Depth Map models with the observations revealed that the configuration of the residential layouts has a causal relation with the formation of the spatial-physical structure. The integration analysis, based on the space syntax methodological– conceptual framework is able to predict the general movement patterns of the residents. However, when it comes to the behavioral patterns, the signomorphy between the physics and behavior can provide a more accurate prediction. Background: Designing settlements and their formation patterns have always been one of the controversial topics in the architecture and planning. However, the reverberation of these patterns on forming the spatial structures in the residential layouts was the focal point of this research. The main aim of the current paper was to present a new framework based on the space syntax theory and to bridge it with the behavior setting theory. Objectives: This paper attempts to provide a basis for the study of the behavioral-movement patterns within the residential and urban fabric using its proposed theoretical framework. A review of the concepts and themes of the space syntax suggests that this theory is not capable of fully covering the behavioral-movement patterns within the fabrics and does not make such a claim. Ecological psychology, on the other hand, has been disintegrated in its Signomorphic sense. Method: In order to answer the main question, three suitable residential layouts have been chosen in Tehran as case studies: Nārmak, Yousefābād, and Shahrake Gharb. Moreover, the current situation of these communities, considering their private, semi-private, and public spaces were modeled in the depth map software which was developed by the space syntax research group at UCL. Afterwards, these layouts were observed during a four months' period. Result: comparing the results obtained from the depth map models and the experiments revealed the gap between the space syntax theory and the reality. To fill in this gap, Roger Barker's behavioral settings theory, which has the ability to provide the close-to-reality interpretations in the space syntax, was used. Conclusion: Comparing the Depth Map models with the observations revealed that the configuration of the residential layouts has a causal relation with the formation of the spatial-physical structure. The integration analysis, based on the space syntax methodological– conceptual framework is able to predict the general movement patterns of the residents. However, when it comes to the behavioral patterns, the signomorphy between the physics and behavior can provide a more accurate prediction.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_3945_1e0672b59cdc62f4cfea7ebe43fa02bd.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 3 4 2020 01 21 Assessment of Iranian Islamic and Human Values in the Periods of Transformation of the City from Traditional To Modern Fabric and the Method of Preserving It in the Future Cities Assessment of Iranian Islamic and Human Values in the Periods of Transformation of the City from Traditional To Modern Fabric and the Method of Preserving It in the Future Cities 111 128 3960 10.22124/upk.2020.14463.1291 FA Shadi Shokri Yazdan Abad Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Hamzenejad Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Hosseinimoghaddam MA Student Of Sustainable Architecture and Landscape Design , Politecnico Di Milano,,Italy Journal Article 2019 09 19 Background: Cities are evolving. Changes in the cities in a way appropriate to time and technology could reinforce or weaken the role of human values in it, so it is important to recognize the transformation and its Islamic and human values. To date, there have been some attempt to typify the developmental trend. However, no attention has been paid to measuring the Islamic identity and the human values in this period. Objectives: The current research examined whether or not the human values and principles of the Islamic city are fulfilled in the transformation of the cities from the traditional to the modern fabric. The aim was to compare the mentioned trend in Iran and the west. Through studying the principles and indicators of the Islamic city and the human values hidden in it, the importance of each of the indicators in this trend would be followed. Finally, the general strategies for preserving it in the future cities would be mentioned. Method: Using the reasoning method, and after examining the characteristics of the periods of transformation of the cities and human value indicators in the urban definitions, the Delphi method was used at two rounds. Using Delphi method, the opinion of 10 experts (According to Hogarth's theory, Clayton and many other theorists that offer 5 – 12 experts)) has been taken in relation to the extent to which each of the principles of the human values and the Islamic city has been fulfilled during the transformation periods. Result and Conclusion: Findings and analysis of the cases derived from the Delphi technique showed that the concepts such as nature-centered, God-centered, community-centered (core community) as well as economical, have been forgotten in Habibi's mentioned transformation trend and in the forgotten later cities, and only some concepts such as the community-centered (global communication) has become bolder. Therefore, in the final part of the paper, considering the opportunities and threats in the process of transformation, we have presented general strategies for promoting the human values and preserving the Islamic Iranian identity in the future cities. Background: Cities are evolving. Changes in the cities in a way appropriate to time and technology could reinforce or weaken the role of human values in it, so it is important to recognize the transformation and its Islamic and human values. To date, there have been some attempt to typify the developmental trend. However, no attention has been paid to measuring the Islamic identity and the human values in this period. Objectives: The current research examined whether or not the human values and principles of the Islamic city are fulfilled in the transformation of the cities from the traditional to the modern fabric. The aim was to compare the mentioned trend in Iran and the west. Through studying the principles and indicators of the Islamic city and the human values hidden in it, the importance of each of the indicators in this trend would be followed. Finally, the general strategies for preserving it in the future cities would be mentioned. Method: Using the reasoning method, and after examining the characteristics of the periods of transformation of the cities and human value indicators in the urban definitions, the Delphi method was used at two rounds. Using Delphi method, the opinion of 10 experts (According to Hogarth's theory, Clayton and many other theorists that offer 5 – 12 experts)) has been taken in relation to the extent to which each of the principles of the human values and the Islamic city has been fulfilled during the transformation periods. Result and Conclusion: Findings and analysis of the cases derived from the Delphi technique showed that the concepts such as nature-centered, God-centered, community-centered (core community) as well as economical, have been forgotten in Habibi's mentioned transformation trend and in the forgotten later cities, and only some concepts such as the community-centered (global communication) has become bolder. Therefore, in the final part of the paper, considering the opportunities and threats in the process of transformation, we have presented general strategies for promoting the human values and preserving the Islamic Iranian identity in the future cities.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_3960_fe50307ac212748699f2362e0a98abfe.pdf