University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 4 1 2020 03 20 Understanding the Concept of the Public Interest in Iran's Urbanism System Understanding the Concept of the Public Interest in Iran's Urbanism System 1 18 3986 10.22124/upk.2020.15172.1348 FA Mehran Foroughifar Ph.D Condidate,, Department of Urban Planning, Fine Arts Faculty,, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Farshad Noorian Associate Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Fine Arts Faculty,, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Morteza Hadi Jaberi Moghadam Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Fine Arts Faculty,, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2019 12 10 Background: The Public interest is one of the most basic and significant issues in the urbanism discipline. The importance of this issue is such that no urbanism action can be done without having a justification that it is in line with the public interest. The problem emerges when there are different understandings of the concept of the public interest and there are disagreements on how one can achieve it. In such a diversity of opinions, it would be difficult to identify which urban actions or plans are in line with the interest of the public and which ones are not. Objectives: Given the deep gap regarding the public interest in Iran's urbanism, this paper seeks to present the results of the research in this area which was done with the aim of understanding the prevailing approach to Iran's urbanism in terms of the concept of the public interest or in other words the common understanding in Iran's urbanism from the concept of the public interest. Methodology: In this research, the content of 15 semi-structured deep interview and also the analysis of the 12 legal documents and the documents of the two Iranian contemporary urbanism projects were analyzed. The interviews were done based on a single form resulted from the theoretical framework and the problem statement sections. Also, in terms of the nature of the research, coding was continued up to the time of the data saturation and in order to reduce the errors and matching the codes in the process of the content analysis, the techniques of the agreed coding and the permanent analogy were used. Results: findings of this study showed that the public interest in Iran's urbanism, is a concrete, general, procedural and content category that is determined by the official institutions in charge of urbanism. Conclusion: While an official explanation of public interest in Iran`s planning cannot be found directly through planning rules and regulations, a common understanding of this concept can be understood among planners. Background: The Public interest is one of the most basic and significant issues in the urbanism discipline. The importance of this issue is such that no urbanism action can be done without having a justification that it is in line with the public interest. The problem emerges when there are different understandings of the concept of the public interest and there are disagreements on how one can achieve it. In such a diversity of opinions, it would be difficult to identify which urban actions or plans are in line with the interest of the public and which ones are not. Objectives: Given the deep gap regarding the public interest in Iran's urbanism, this paper seeks to present the results of the research in this area which was done with the aim of understanding the prevailing approach to Iran's urbanism in terms of the concept of the public interest or in other words the common understanding in Iran's urbanism from the concept of the public interest. Methodology: In this research, the content of 15 semi-structured deep interview and also the analysis of the 12 legal documents and the documents of the two Iranian contemporary urbanism projects were analyzed. The interviews were done based on a single form resulted from the theoretical framework and the problem statement sections. Also, in terms of the nature of the research, coding was continued up to the time of the data saturation and in order to reduce the errors and matching the codes in the process of the content analysis, the techniques of the agreed coding and the permanent analogy were used. Results: findings of this study showed that the public interest in Iran's urbanism, is a concrete, general, procedural and content category that is determined by the official institutions in charge of urbanism. Conclusion: While an official explanation of public interest in Iran`s planning cannot be found directly through planning rules and regulations, a common understanding of this concept can be understood among planners.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_3986_6c897d69a02a22d564c39fd3ebb3fe7f.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 4 1 2020 03 20 The Role of Knowledge-Based and Innovative Cities in Urban and Regional Development The Role of Knowledge-Based and Innovative Cities in Urban and Regional Development 19 32 3989 10.22124/upk.2020.15004.1332 FA Seyed Hamidreza Tabibi Ph.D Candidate, Department of Urban Planning, Art & Architecture Faculty , Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mojtaba Rafieian Associate Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Art &; Architecture Faculty, University of Tarbiat Modares , Tehran, Iran Hamid Majedi Professor, Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of civil, Architecture and art , Islamic Azad University, Science and research branch, , Tehran, Iran Yousef Ali Ziari Associate professor , Department of Urban planning, Faculty of civil, Architecture and art, Islamic Azad University, central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2019 11 19 Background: The overuse of unstable urban income to develop cities has led to a lot of problems for the communities. Indeed, continuing this trend has posed a serious challenge to the cities and regions. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the knowledge-based areas in the urban and regional development based on the theoretical foundations and global experiences. Methodology: Documentary and library methods have been used to study the theoretical foundations and the empirical background. Results: Innovation is one of the main pillars of the knowledge-based cities that is the focus of interest in the recent decades. One of the outcomes of the innovation areas is the formation of the knowledge-based cities. Hence, the city-regions are the center of growth and the center of knowledge. The process of innovation actually addresses what makes knowledge valuable and how it is created through the interactive and complex relationships in an institutional setting. In other words, the key elements of this complex are the Universities, industries, and governments. If they connect optimally, the development will be achieved through the knowledge-based cities and regions. The global experiences have represented this fact clearly. Conclusion: The link between the creative individuals, the major investors, and the urban and regional rulers has provided a conducive environment for the emergence of a new concept in the scientific community, namely the knowledge-based city. The two driving forces in the formation of the cities and areas of knowledge have changed the spatial structure of planning and divided it into three levels of the regional planning, urban planning, and urban design. Given the important role of the relationship between the urban and regional planning in a coherent hierarchical system, it is important to focus on the regional innovation system and the coherent relationship between the levels of the regional planning, urban planning and urban design in the creation and operation of knowledge-based cities. Background: The overuse of unstable urban income to develop cities has led to a lot of problems for the communities. Indeed, continuing this trend has posed a serious challenge to the cities and regions. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the knowledge-based areas in the urban and regional development based on the theoretical foundations and global experiences. Methodology: Documentary and library methods have been used to study the theoretical foundations and the empirical background. Results: Innovation is one of the main pillars of the knowledge-based cities that is the focus of interest in the recent decades. One of the outcomes of the innovation areas is the formation of the knowledge-based cities. Hence, the city-regions are the center of growth and the center of knowledge. The process of innovation actually addresses what makes knowledge valuable and how it is created through the interactive and complex relationships in an institutional setting. In other words, the key elements of this complex are the Universities, industries, and governments. If they connect optimally, the development will be achieved through the knowledge-based cities and regions. The global experiences have represented this fact clearly. Conclusion: The link between the creative individuals, the major investors, and the urban and regional rulers has provided a conducive environment for the emergence of a new concept in the scientific community, namely the knowledge-based city. The two driving forces in the formation of the cities and areas of knowledge have changed the spatial structure of planning and divided it into three levels of the regional planning, urban planning, and urban design. Given the important role of the relationship between the urban and regional planning in a coherent hierarchical system, it is important to focus on the regional innovation system and the coherent relationship between the levels of the regional planning, urban planning and urban design in the creation and operation of knowledge-based cities.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_3989_b956459cc75abfd7faf3b3cc2b4e0988.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 4 1 2020 03 20 Developing a "Low-Carbon Neighborhood Model" in Order to Implement It in the Urban Planning & Design Developing a "Low-Carbon Neighborhood Model" in Order to Implement It in the Urban Planning & Design 33 48 3988 10.22124/upk.2020.15513.1383 FA Maryan Roosta Assistant Professor,, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art & , Architecture ,, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran Masoud Javadpoor M.A in Urban Planning, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art & , Architecture ,, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran Maryam Ebadi Master Degree Student, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art & , Architecture ,, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran Journal Article 2020 01 20 Background: The "low-carbon" approach emerged as a goal for the economy, society and the city at the beginning of the last century. This approach has been pursued in recent years at the micro and the urban “neighborhood” scales. But it seems that in the scientific literature of the urbanism in our country, especially at the neighborhood scale, it has not been sufficiently addressed. Objectives: This study seeks to develop the theoretical model of "the low-carbon neighborhood" with the help of the local experts and with an indigenous approach to prioritize its indicators in order to apply them in the urban planning and design strategies and to study their effect. Methodology: To this end, while utilizing the library studies, more than 30 scientific sources on the low-carbon development, and the components and indicators of the "low-carbon neighborhood" have been identified and categorized. Then, using a matrix-based questionnaire, 9 of the researchers who studied in this area examined the influence of the components and indicators on the realization of the low-carbon neighborhood. The survey data were analyzed using the combined "Danp" method and the low-carbon neighborhood model was formulated and analyzed in the form of the 6 components and 19 indicators. The main components in this model were "form", "access", "user and activity", "natural environment", "facilities and infrastructure", and "local community". Results: Findings showed that in the realization of low-carbon neighborhood the most important component was "local community" and the most important indicators were "culture-raising and public awareness" and "public participation". In the category of "component" indicators, "contextual fabric" and "compactness" were identified as the most effective indicators in the realization of low-carbon neighborhood. In this analytical model, "local community" and "form" were identified as the affective factors (cause) and the other four components as the being affected components (effect). Conclusion: Considering the priorities in achieving a neighborhood with the minimal renewable energy consumption and the minimal pollution emission -as followed in this paper- is a goal that the academic community should seriously demand from the authorities involved in decision-making. Background: The "low-carbon" approach emerged as a goal for the economy, society and the city at the beginning of the last century. This approach has been pursued in recent years at the micro and the urban “neighborhood” scales. But it seems that in the scientific literature of the urbanism in our country, especially at the neighborhood scale, it has not been sufficiently addressed. Objectives: This study seeks to develop the theoretical model of "the low-carbon neighborhood" with the help of the local experts and with an indigenous approach to prioritize its indicators in order to apply them in the urban planning and design strategies and to study their effect. Methodology: To this end, while utilizing the library studies, more than 30 scientific sources on the low-carbon development, and the components and indicators of the "low-carbon neighborhood" have been identified and categorized. Then, using a matrix-based questionnaire, 9 of the researchers who studied in this area examined the influence of the components and indicators on the realization of the low-carbon neighborhood. The survey data were analyzed using the combined "Danp" method and the low-carbon neighborhood model was formulated and analyzed in the form of the 6 components and 19 indicators. The main components in this model were "form", "access", "user and activity", "natural environment", "facilities and infrastructure", and "local community". Results: Findings showed that in the realization of low-carbon neighborhood the most important component was "local community" and the most important indicators were "culture-raising and public awareness" and "public participation". In the category of "component" indicators, "contextual fabric" and "compactness" were identified as the most effective indicators in the realization of low-carbon neighborhood. In this analytical model, "local community" and "form" were identified as the affective factors (cause) and the other four components as the being affected components (effect). Conclusion: Considering the priorities in achieving a neighborhood with the minimal renewable energy consumption and the minimal pollution emission -as followed in this paper- is a goal that the academic community should seriously demand from the authorities involved in decision-making.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_3988_ea991b8e0afd875fe1b0d51dc36d3409.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 4 1 2020 03 20 Using the Rhythm-Analysis of the Daily Life in Organizing the Consumption of the Urban Space (Case Study: Pedestrian Path of Rasht) Using the Rhythm-Analysis of the Daily Life in Organizing the Consumption of the Urban Space (Case Study: Pedestrian Path of Rasht) 49 71 4011 10.22124/upk.2020.15758.1404 FA Sepideh Barzegar PhD candidate, Department of Urban Planning, School of Architecture and Urban Planning Tehran University of Art, , Tehran, Iran Mitra Habibi Associate Professor, ,Departmet of Urban Planning, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tehran University of Art, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2020 02 17 ackground: The problem of producing empty spaces has been intensified with the efforts of the superior forces to pre-empt the space, and the resolution of this problem requires a creative solution. The research area (pedestrian path of Rasht) is one of the urban spaces in the country that has witnessed the processes of preemptory production and reproduction of space from a long time ago until now. In return, the creative solution is in people’s modes of consumption of the space. Objectives: The purpose of this study was finding out how to use rhythm-analysis to better regulate the space consumption, in order to modify the viewpoint of professionalism. Rhythm-analysis of the daily life in urban spaces helps to understand the creative resistance of people in consuming the space and their practice of the deliberate order relevant to the daily life. Methodology: Referring to the conceptual framework of the trialectics of spatiality, the impact of the three components of the climate-culture-regulated power on the rhythms of the perceived-conceived-lived space was studied, based on the progressive-regressive method. The research included two directions, namely studying the vertical and horizontal complexity of the space. To study the horizontal complexity of the space, the history of the Rasht space was referred to using the documentary study and their analysis through the document selection and analysis and their scrutiny. To study the horizontal complexity, the different rhythms of the research area was considered and it was tried to study the activities of the different groups of the space consumers using the field research (observation through a simple and non-interventional method) and the descriptive method. Then, using the mixed methods approach and the triangulation design, the results of studying each level were integrated into a general interpretation. Results: Findings of the rhythm-analysis of the pedestrian path of Rasht showed that the simultaneous and harmonious presence of the multiple rhythms is the result of the harmony between the rituals of the power and the climatic and cultural cycles in the study area, so that this public space or simply put, the representation space, in spite of its preemptory design, to be a space for compromising and coalition that is spontaneously dedicated to showing people's time and the rhythms of their presence. Conclusion: Climate and culture play an important role in producing the lasting rhythms in space. So, despite the power's efforts to unify the space, there are still passionate rhythms in the study area. ackground: The problem of producing empty spaces has been intensified with the efforts of the superior forces to pre-empt the space, and the resolution of this problem requires a creative solution. The research area (pedestrian path of Rasht) is one of the urban spaces in the country that has witnessed the processes of preemptory production and reproduction of space from a long time ago until now. In return, the creative solution is in people’s modes of consumption of the space. Objectives: The purpose of this study was finding out how to use rhythm-analysis to better regulate the space consumption, in order to modify the viewpoint of professionalism. Rhythm-analysis of the daily life in urban spaces helps to understand the creative resistance of people in consuming the space and their practice of the deliberate order relevant to the daily life. Methodology: Referring to the conceptual framework of the trialectics of spatiality, the impact of the three components of the climate-culture-regulated power on the rhythms of the perceived-conceived-lived space was studied, based on the progressive-regressive method. The research included two directions, namely studying the vertical and horizontal complexity of the space. To study the horizontal complexity of the space, the history of the Rasht space was referred to using the documentary study and their analysis through the document selection and analysis and their scrutiny. To study the horizontal complexity, the different rhythms of the research area was considered and it was tried to study the activities of the different groups of the space consumers using the field research (observation through a simple and non-interventional method) and the descriptive method. Then, using the mixed methods approach and the triangulation design, the results of studying each level were integrated into a general interpretation. Results: Findings of the rhythm-analysis of the pedestrian path of Rasht showed that the simultaneous and harmonious presence of the multiple rhythms is the result of the harmony between the rituals of the power and the climatic and cultural cycles in the study area, so that this public space or simply put, the representation space, in spite of its preemptory design, to be a space for compromising and coalition that is spontaneously dedicated to showing people's time and the rhythms of their presence. Conclusion: Climate and culture play an important role in producing the lasting rhythms in space. So, despite the power's efforts to unify the space, there are still passionate rhythms in the study area.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_4011_afa5cab8fe553e2a9aec0c7a0baf2aab.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 4 1 2020 03 20 A Review of the Neighborhood Conflict Transition and Its Application in the Neighborhoods of the Iranian-Islamic City A Review of the Neighborhood Conflict Transition and Its Application in the Neighborhoods of the Iranian-Islamic City 73 96 3999 10.22124/upk.2020.13787.1238 FA Mohammad Taghi Heydari Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Humanity Science Faculty, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran Ali Taromi M.S in Geography and Urban Planning, Humanity Science Faculty, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran Journal Article 2019 07 08 Background: The history of cities as a matter of the short stature and silent evidence is full of works and layers that have been gradually hidden under the new layers or have been exposed to erosion and change due to the various factors over time. However, the story of the evolution of cities and their important and significant elements has been intertwined in these layers. Meanwhile, the neighborhoods in the traditional Iranian-Islamic cities have a role beyond just a spatial area which includes the place of residence and the activity of a group of citizens. Also, they have a defined position in the hierarchy of the development and management of the urban affairs and their nature have been consolidated in the context of time with a new perspective. Objectives: The present paper intended to formulate the problem of understanding the neighborhood as a concept with a spatial-social load in its historical layer (Islamic period) and to research the inter-neighborhood conflict of the Iranian city at the Islamic Period. Methodology: Achieving the appropriate answer in this paper has been done with describing and analyzing the collected documentary and library data. In addition to understanding the neighborhood's conflict in the city of the Islamic period, the mixture of this mental tendency towards the city can also help to understanding the neighborhood's transformationalism in the contemporary Iranian city. Results: As the extract of the background governing the transformation of the concept of the inter-neighborhood conflict in this paper shows, the change in the concept of the neighborhood conflict in the ancient and pre-Islamic periods is linked with blood, vessel and root. During the Islamic period up to the contemporary era, ideology, religion and ethnicity became important, and with the beginning of the modernization and the arrival of capitalism to Iran, the economy and money became the superior power separating groups from each other and they displayed the neighborhood disputes. Conclusion: The neighborhood conflict which used to be a function of the social and cultural factors such as ethnicity, race, language, sect, religion, etc., nowadays has become a function of the material and economic factors and it has given rise to the city's production and consumption authority among some neighborhood pixels. Background: The history of cities as a matter of the short stature and silent evidence is full of works and layers that have been gradually hidden under the new layers or have been exposed to erosion and change due to the various factors over time. However, the story of the evolution of cities and their important and significant elements has been intertwined in these layers. Meanwhile, the neighborhoods in the traditional Iranian-Islamic cities have a role beyond just a spatial area which includes the place of residence and the activity of a group of citizens. Also, they have a defined position in the hierarchy of the development and management of the urban affairs and their nature have been consolidated in the context of time with a new perspective. Objectives: The present paper intended to formulate the problem of understanding the neighborhood as a concept with a spatial-social load in its historical layer (Islamic period) and to research the inter-neighborhood conflict of the Iranian city at the Islamic Period. Methodology: Achieving the appropriate answer in this paper has been done with describing and analyzing the collected documentary and library data. In addition to understanding the neighborhood's conflict in the city of the Islamic period, the mixture of this mental tendency towards the city can also help to understanding the neighborhood's transformationalism in the contemporary Iranian city. Results: As the extract of the background governing the transformation of the concept of the inter-neighborhood conflict in this paper shows, the change in the concept of the neighborhood conflict in the ancient and pre-Islamic periods is linked with blood, vessel and root. During the Islamic period up to the contemporary era, ideology, religion and ethnicity became important, and with the beginning of the modernization and the arrival of capitalism to Iran, the economy and money became the superior power separating groups from each other and they displayed the neighborhood disputes. Conclusion: The neighborhood conflict which used to be a function of the social and cultural factors such as ethnicity, race, language, sect, religion, etc., nowadays has become a function of the material and economic factors and it has given rise to the city's production and consumption authority among some neighborhood pixels.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_3999_70b81b677668fd0b74b6793b3e235735.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 4 1 2020 03 20 Theoretical Interaction of Principles and Indicators of Urban Design in Adaptation to the Climate Change and Redefining Its Position Theoretical Interaction of Principles and Indicators of Urban Design in Adaptation to the Climate Change and Redefining Its Position 97 112 4004 10.22124/upk.2020.14732.1317 FA Alireza Hasani Ph.D Candidate, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani Assistant Professor, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2019 10 19 Background: Climate change and sustainability have become the biggest challenges of the present era since the 1970s. Among the elements of human construction that are effective in climate change, cities are the first priority. At present, climate change and its effects have accounted for a wide range of urban and urban issues Cities occupy a very small percentage of the planet, but consume an extraordinary share of its resources. The impact of urban development (building and transportation) on climate change in developed countries is up to about 60% and in developing countries is about 80%. One of the theories of climate change is the impact of humans on the natural environment. Urbanization is contributing to climate change by changing energy consumption due to increased greenhouse gas emissions. However, the theoretical foundations for sustainable urbanization are very limited, and on the other hand, the issue of increasing the rate of climate change has left this challenge as the world's biggest concern. Objectives: The purpose of this paper was to redefine the interactive principles of urban design and the phenomenon of climate change and also introducing its indicators in the design structure. Methodology: It was a pure research with interpretive approach. Techniques used in this approach were qualitative content analysis. The data was collected using Delphi method at two-stages by semi-structured and closed questionnaires. They were distributed among 25 experts and the quantitative analysis of the data was done using the network analysis. Results: The achievement of the present study was to redefine the principles of the urban design in the urban elements (buildings/natural open spaces, public open spaces, streets and passages as the urban space / the exchange and transportation space), to introduce the design indicators and metrics for each principle including the climate comfort, the pollution reduction, the context and field coordination, the use of the renewable energy and the environmental protection. Conclusion: This paper discusses that the climate change and urban design have a two-way interaction, and in order to control the climate change, its indicators should be considered in the urban design. Background: Climate change and sustainability have become the biggest challenges of the present era since the 1970s. Among the elements of human construction that are effective in climate change, cities are the first priority. At present, climate change and its effects have accounted for a wide range of urban and urban issues Cities occupy a very small percentage of the planet, but consume an extraordinary share of its resources. The impact of urban development (building and transportation) on climate change in developed countries is up to about 60% and in developing countries is about 80%. One of the theories of climate change is the impact of humans on the natural environment. Urbanization is contributing to climate change by changing energy consumption due to increased greenhouse gas emissions. However, the theoretical foundations for sustainable urbanization are very limited, and on the other hand, the issue of increasing the rate of climate change has left this challenge as the world's biggest concern. Objectives: The purpose of this paper was to redefine the interactive principles of urban design and the phenomenon of climate change and also introducing its indicators in the design structure. Methodology: It was a pure research with interpretive approach. Techniques used in this approach were qualitative content analysis. The data was collected using Delphi method at two-stages by semi-structured and closed questionnaires. They were distributed among 25 experts and the quantitative analysis of the data was done using the network analysis. Results: The achievement of the present study was to redefine the principles of the urban design in the urban elements (buildings/natural open spaces, public open spaces, streets and passages as the urban space / the exchange and transportation space), to introduce the design indicators and metrics for each principle including the climate comfort, the pollution reduction, the context and field coordination, the use of the renewable energy and the environmental protection. Conclusion: This paper discusses that the climate change and urban design have a two-way interaction, and in order to control the climate change, its indicators should be considered in the urban design.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_4004_38a44d30b679ade5f1dd140fb0b1eaea.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 4 1 2020 03 20 Hierarchical Pattern of the Place Meaningfulness through Establishing Events in the Urban Public Spaces (Case Study: The Central Pedestrian District of Rasht) Hierarchical Pattern of the Place Meaningfulness through Establishing Events in the Urban Public Spaces (Case Study: The Central Pedestrian District of Rasht) 113 132 3984 10.22124/upk.2020.14490.1295 FA Narjes Mahjoub Jalali Ph.D. Candidate in Urban Planning, Najafabad Branch, Isalamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran Mehrnaz Molavi Visiting Assistant Professor of Department of Urban Planning, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran; Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Amirhosein Shabani Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Najafabad Branch, Isalamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran Elham Nazemi Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Najafabad Branch, Isalamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran Journal Article 2019 09 28 Background: Human is a social creature that needs interaction and relationship with others, hence he needs some spaces for presence. The quality of such a presence depends on the meaningfulness of the space and consequently on the place creation. Places find their meanings based on the events taking place there. This is why the place is defined as a part of the space that is specified by the social relationships with their own meanings and values. Place making encourages people to consider the public spaces as the heart of their society and reimagine or rebuild it. Objectives: This research attempted to make Rasht public spaces more meaningful through the social activities and events and hence to promote such spaces to places. Methodology: It was a qualitative research based on the phenomenological approach. The related phenomenon, i.e. the conducted events at the central pedestrian district of Rasht during the spring 2017 up to the spring 2019 were scrutinized based on the real experience of being and confronting with the places extracted from the in-depth interviews. Results: The results led to a hierarchical model of meaningfulness of events for place making among the audiences of the events and the urban space management. The “cause of presence” is the minimum setting for the meaningfulness of the place making among the citizens, while the urban space management plays the most important role in paving the way. The higher degree of meaningfulness belongs to the “pleasure of the presence”. Although the role of the urban space management is not so prominent, however, the quality, type and degree of companionship are still the responsibility of the urban space management. The factor of “degree of effective participation in the event” creates a more meaningful and higher degree of place making. Conclusion: The most meaningful degree of place making for an event is the “degree of advancement of the event space”. At this level, the audiences show their own creativity and ability to the public and hence they gain a deeper self-scrutiny. Background: Human is a social creature that needs interaction and relationship with others, hence he needs some spaces for presence. The quality of such a presence depends on the meaningfulness of the space and consequently on the place creation. Places find their meanings based on the events taking place there. This is why the place is defined as a part of the space that is specified by the social relationships with their own meanings and values. Place making encourages people to consider the public spaces as the heart of their society and reimagine or rebuild it. Objectives: This research attempted to make Rasht public spaces more meaningful through the social activities and events and hence to promote such spaces to places. Methodology: It was a qualitative research based on the phenomenological approach. The related phenomenon, i.e. the conducted events at the central pedestrian district of Rasht during the spring 2017 up to the spring 2019 were scrutinized based on the real experience of being and confronting with the places extracted from the in-depth interviews. Results: The results led to a hierarchical model of meaningfulness of events for place making among the audiences of the events and the urban space management. The “cause of presence” is the minimum setting for the meaningfulness of the place making among the citizens, while the urban space management plays the most important role in paving the way. The higher degree of meaningfulness belongs to the “pleasure of the presence”. Although the role of the urban space management is not so prominent, however, the quality, type and degree of companionship are still the responsibility of the urban space management. The factor of “degree of effective participation in the event” creates a more meaningful and higher degree of place making. Conclusion: The most meaningful degree of place making for an event is the “degree of advancement of the event space”. At this level, the audiences show their own creativity and ability to the public and hence they gain a deeper self-scrutiny.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_3984_ac4f2bac0f1a17edbfdc48a62d016895.pdf