University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 4 4 2020 12 21 Rethinking Over Urban Modeling: A Theoretical View Rethinking Over Urban Modeling: A Theoretical View 1 18 4218 10.22124/upk.2020.15278.1361 FA Farshad Nourian Associate Professor, School of Urban Planning, Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Meisam Alipour Lecturer, Urban Planning Department, Faculty of Art, University of Bojnord, Bojnurd, Iran Esfandiar Zebardast Professor, School of Urban Planning, Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2020 01 11 Background: Urban Planning like other sciences has been affected of the different thinking streams. Rethinking over urban modeling based on theoretical view is the gap in contemporary urban studies. More than half a century has passed since the first use of models in urban planning. Simultaneously, rethinking on modeling concept has been made in natural sciences which is why urban modeling needs to take this necessity into account. Through a historical analysis in the first section, the primary aim is to inform the reader about a debate on model-theory interaction. This debate concludes that without supportive theories, models are meaningless. Objectives: This paper focuses on the field of urban planning to figure out how the composition of Theory-Model has been shaped over the past decades. Methodology: This paper is a documentary research in Macro scale which stays away from applied researches. Results: This study offers some advices on how to make the model application successful, constructive and, above all, theoretically oriented more than it had been within the urban planning discipline and practice in the past. Also, through systematic literature review covering Deutsch’ work in 1951 until today, the paper theoretically studied urban modeling and periodically classified them. Conclusion: Based on the critical review, we found that a new definition of urban models is needed to tie them to theories and phenomena. Furthermore, models are not tools in serve of theories anymore. In addition, papers’ results introduce urban modeling as an expertise rather than an instrumental skill. Background: Urban Planning like other sciences has been affected of the different thinking streams. Rethinking over urban modeling based on theoretical view is the gap in contemporary urban studies. More than half a century has passed since the first use of models in urban planning. Simultaneously, rethinking on modeling concept has been made in natural sciences which is why urban modeling needs to take this necessity into account. Through a historical analysis in the first section, the primary aim is to inform the reader about a debate on model-theory interaction. This debate concludes that without supportive theories, models are meaningless. Objectives: This paper focuses on the field of urban planning to figure out how the composition of Theory-Model has been shaped over the past decades. Methodology: This paper is a documentary research in Macro scale which stays away from applied researches. Results: This study offers some advices on how to make the model application successful, constructive and, above all, theoretically oriented more than it had been within the urban planning discipline and practice in the past. Also, through systematic literature review covering Deutsch’ work in 1951 until today, the paper theoretically studied urban modeling and periodically classified them. Conclusion: Based on the critical review, we found that a new definition of urban models is needed to tie them to theories and phenomena. Furthermore, models are not tools in serve of theories anymore. In addition, papers’ results introduce urban modeling as an expertise rather than an instrumental skill.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_4218_43e191534dff7328de6dadc9d6237806.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 4 4 2020 12 21 A Typology of Urban Consumption Theories in Urbanism A Typology of Urban Consumption Theories in Urbanism 19 36 3994 10.22124/upk.2020.14450.1290 FA Mona Fathalibiglou PhD candidate in Islamic Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran Mohammadtaghi Pirbabaei Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran Journal Article 2019 09 17 Background: Over the past few decades, scholars have studied the contemporary city and its mechanisms through a variety of approaches. Despite the variations in research orientations, what all these scholars agree on, is the widespread, profound and rapid transition of the contemporary city compared to its earlier sample which can be defined as development of consumerism in the contemporary city. This is an extreme change because the productive role of cities has always prevailed over their other features since the Industrial Revolution. Especially over the last 50 years, a wide variety of theories (from various disciplines) have explored contemporary society from this perspective. Understanding and analyzing this vast array of studies could be tricky for urban researchers, which highlights the need for a typological study in this area. Objectives: The current paper aims to characterize the set of urban consumption theories. Methodology: A qualitative research strategy is used to provide a clear framework for the classification of consumption theories that have been proposed in different sciences. Result: Results suggests that urban consumption theories could be classified into three macros and forty-three micro types. Conclusion: Macro-types of urban consumption theories are the economical category of consumption, sociology of consumption and hybrid approach. These classifications can be very useful for researchers who intend to theorize or enter such studies—theories directly applied to urban science are more elaborated. Background: Over the past few decades, scholars have studied the contemporary city and its mechanisms through a variety of approaches. Despite the variations in research orientations, what all these scholars agree on, is the widespread, profound and rapid transition of the contemporary city compared to its earlier sample which can be defined as development of consumerism in the contemporary city. This is an extreme change because the productive role of cities has always prevailed over their other features since the Industrial Revolution. Especially over the last 50 years, a wide variety of theories (from various disciplines) have explored contemporary society from this perspective. Understanding and analyzing this vast array of studies could be tricky for urban researchers, which highlights the need for a typological study in this area. Objectives: The current paper aims to characterize the set of urban consumption theories. Methodology: A qualitative research strategy is used to provide a clear framework for the classification of consumption theories that have been proposed in different sciences. Result: Results suggests that urban consumption theories could be classified into three macros and forty-three micro types. Conclusion: Macro-types of urban consumption theories are the economical category of consumption, sociology of consumption and hybrid approach. These classifications can be very useful for researchers who intend to theorize or enter such studies—theories directly applied to urban science are more elaborated.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_3994_a4ef0cada4401ff49ee083e8d74cb17b.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 4 4 2020 12 21 Investigating the Status of Participatory Urban Development Planning and its Challenges in the Institutionalist School of Thought Investigating the Status of Participatory Urban Development Planning and its Challenges in the Institutionalist School of Thought 37 62 4219 10.22124/upk.2020.16334.1457 FA Rana Taghaddosi PhD Candidate in Urban and Regional Planning, Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hossein Sharifzadegan Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2020 04 25 Background: In the context of public policy and planning of recent decades, public participation has been regarded as an absolute goodness or a common belief practice (common critical practice) which is rarely questioned. However, there is little evidence showed the long-term effectiveness of applicability the participatory approaches to improve the physical conditions of the most vulnerable groups or their success in creating social change. Meanwhile, as the related issues of participation concept are highly affected by neo-institutionalism theories, and the participatory processes are formed and regulated by institutional regulations, identifying the barriers and challenges of the participatory planning in different institutional levels and the affected institutional rules of these barriers is necessary to get out of them. Objectives: Investigating the failure reasons of the participatory approaches to access their primary goals as a problem in the collective action through detecting the causes and the factors of non-cooperative behaviors in the participatory processes leading to failure, and recommending an institutional framework for the participatory processes to overcome this problem. Methodology: The present study with an explanatory-exploratory approach in the framework of interrogative research strategy, uses various techniques e.g. systematic content analysis and qualitative deductive text analysis to answer the research questions. Results: After identifying the main institutional challenges of participation in the theoretical domain, emphasizing the content critiques on the application of participatory approaches, the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework introduced by Elinor Ostrom is used in this study to identify the seven-fold institutional rules governing participatory processes in the field of urban development planning, and finally, the conceptual model of the "Institutional Analysis Framework for Participatory Urban Development" is elaborated. Conclusion: The analysis framework introduced in this study would be applicable in future applied research, in three levels namely: operational level, for generating practical outcomes of participatory planning, policymaking level for decision-making and policy making within the constraints and rules of collective choice affecting the structure of participatory planning action situations, and expandable and operational at the legal level for determining the participants for policy making and its determining rules. Background: In the context of public policy and planning of recent decades, public participation has been regarded as an absolute goodness or a common belief practice (common critical practice) which is rarely questioned. However, there is little evidence showed the long-term effectiveness of applicability the participatory approaches to improve the physical conditions of the most vulnerable groups or their success in creating social change. Meanwhile, as the related issues of participation concept are highly affected by neo-institutionalism theories, and the participatory processes are formed and regulated by institutional regulations, identifying the barriers and challenges of the participatory planning in different institutional levels and the affected institutional rules of these barriers is necessary to get out of them. Objectives: Investigating the failure reasons of the participatory approaches to access their primary goals as a problem in the collective action through detecting the causes and the factors of non-cooperative behaviors in the participatory processes leading to failure, and recommending an institutional framework for the participatory processes to overcome this problem. Methodology: The present study with an explanatory-exploratory approach in the framework of interrogative research strategy, uses various techniques e.g. systematic content analysis and qualitative deductive text analysis to answer the research questions. Results: After identifying the main institutional challenges of participation in the theoretical domain, emphasizing the content critiques on the application of participatory approaches, the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework introduced by Elinor Ostrom is used in this study to identify the seven-fold institutional rules governing participatory processes in the field of urban development planning, and finally, the conceptual model of the "Institutional Analysis Framework for Participatory Urban Development" is elaborated. Conclusion: The analysis framework introduced in this study would be applicable in future applied research, in three levels namely: operational level, for generating practical outcomes of participatory planning, policymaking level for decision-making and policy making within the constraints and rules of collective choice affecting the structure of participatory planning action situations, and expandable and operational at the legal level for determining the participants for policy making and its determining rules.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_4219_03e74dddf5bb7da6513c3b31ad0bebd9.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 4 4 2020 12 21 Semantic Reading of the Safavid Period Urban Planning in the Formation of the City's Physical in Iran Semantic Reading of the Safavid Period Urban Planning in the Formation of the City's Physical in Iran 63 80 4260 10.22124/upk.2020.17269.1530 FA Ali Alimoradi Assistant Professor Department of Architecture, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht , Iran Hassan Ahmadi Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Vahid Gobadian Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2020 07 30 Background: In semantic urban planning in the Safavid period, urban spaces were not only considered a physical issue, but also known as a manifestation of mysterious meanings in order to the designer could materialize the spiritual messages in the body of the city as permitted by the passage of reality. We have experienced a spiritual crisis in the design of urban spaces in contemporary Iranian urban planning. Now the fundamental question is how can the concepts of explicit and implicit semantics be objectified in the formation of the city’s body? Objectives: The main purpose of this study is to read semantic urban planning in the Safavid period in the physical formation of Isfahan and its application in the physical construction of contemporary cities in Iran. Methodology: The present study in terms of objectives is fundamental and applied; In terms of nature and method is descriptive-analytical; In terms of data collection method is text mining of documents and field observations; and is qualitative in terms of data analysis. Results: Reflecting on the visual appearance of the city's spatial organization in the Safavid period, the manifestation of the material system (water order, plant order, soil order and air order) and the semantic system (sacred order) are clearly revealed. The passage of reality through the use of natural elements with formal and symbolic games in order to create a sense of place and this identity with space, unity, plurality and spatial coherence, etc. has been influenced by the semantic urbanism viewed it. Conclusion: Urban development in the Safavid period was a reflection of the spatial translation of semantic criteria in order to integrate innovatively for its capabilities in responding to both physical, psychological and spiritual needs. In the current situation, the texture and physical construction of Iranian cities with emphasis on historical discontinuity and modernity following the transformation of form rather than content, shows the crisis of spirituality in its physical construction. Background: In semantic urban planning in the Safavid period, urban spaces were not only considered a physical issue, but also known as a manifestation of mysterious meanings in order to the designer could materialize the spiritual messages in the body of the city as permitted by the passage of reality. We have experienced a spiritual crisis in the design of urban spaces in contemporary Iranian urban planning. Now the fundamental question is how can the concepts of explicit and implicit semantics be objectified in the formation of the city’s body? Objectives: The main purpose of this study is to read semantic urban planning in the Safavid period in the physical formation of Isfahan and its application in the physical construction of contemporary cities in Iran. Methodology: The present study in terms of objectives is fundamental and applied; In terms of nature and method is descriptive-analytical; In terms of data collection method is text mining of documents and field observations; and is qualitative in terms of data analysis. Results: Reflecting on the visual appearance of the city's spatial organization in the Safavid period, the manifestation of the material system (water order, plant order, soil order and air order) and the semantic system (sacred order) are clearly revealed. The passage of reality through the use of natural elements with formal and symbolic games in order to create a sense of place and this identity with space, unity, plurality and spatial coherence, etc. has been influenced by the semantic urbanism viewed it. Conclusion: Urban development in the Safavid period was a reflection of the spatial translation of semantic criteria in order to integrate innovatively for its capabilities in responding to both physical, psychological and spiritual needs. In the current situation, the texture and physical construction of Iranian cities with emphasis on historical discontinuity and modernity following the transformation of form rather than content, shows the crisis of spirituality in its physical construction.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_4260_10f0f3805cf6f5d9993e22f613673d6e.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 4 4 2020 12 21 Analysis of the Role of Communicative Approach Concepts in Urban Design Process (Case Study: Iranian Urban Design Projects) Analysis of the Role of Communicative Approach Concepts in Urban Design Process (Case Study: Iranian Urban Design Projects) 81 100 4407 10.22124/upk.2020.16935.1502 FA Saeede Alikaei Ph.D. in Urban Planning, Department of Urban Planning, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran , Tehran, Iran Behnaz Aminzadeh Goharrizi Full Professor, Department of Urban Planning, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran , Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2020 07 11 Background: With the advent of the communicative approach, urbanism knowledge has taken a critical approach to attract social, moral, and participatory ideas and theories, and has been introduced as an interdisciplinary knowledge dealing with political and social struggles. However, these developments have often taken place in the field of urban planning knowledge and are less explicitly discussed in the context of urban design knowledge and the urban design process. Objectives: The main purpose of this study is to identify the basic concepts of communicative approach, and examine the application of these concepts in urban design projects in Iran. Methodology: In the first step, by reviewing the critical theories affecting the communicative approach, the basic concepts and it’s application in the process of urban design are set to form a conceptual framework. The developed conceptual framework provides a basis for analysis and evaluation of selected projects in the next step by using direct qualitative content analysis method. Results: 87% of communicative approach categories in selected projects are in a “Strongly Disagree situation”, and 13% are in a “Disagree situation”. Accordingly, the problem-finding and problem-solving process in projects focuses only on the technocratic aspects of space, and the decisive role of concepts of the communicative approach in how the urban design process is navigated is neglected. This is what separates the country's urban design process from the people and degrades experts to the level of tools at the disposal of the power to change the urban space. Conclusion: The communicative approach with re-formulating the relationship between space, designer, people and the institution of power, in addition paying attention to the technical and creative dimensions of space, introduces critical aspects of urban planning knowledge into the urban design process. Thus, space design is considered as the product of processes in which competing discourses maximize their understanding of interests in a process based on communicative action and accept the multiple interests in the field of space, configuring space in a participatory and multilevel process. Background: With the advent of the communicative approach, urbanism knowledge has taken a critical approach to attract social, moral, and participatory ideas and theories, and has been introduced as an interdisciplinary knowledge dealing with political and social struggles. However, these developments have often taken place in the field of urban planning knowledge and are less explicitly discussed in the context of urban design knowledge and the urban design process. Objectives: The main purpose of this study is to identify the basic concepts of communicative approach, and examine the application of these concepts in urban design projects in Iran. Methodology: In the first step, by reviewing the critical theories affecting the communicative approach, the basic concepts and it’s application in the process of urban design are set to form a conceptual framework. The developed conceptual framework provides a basis for analysis and evaluation of selected projects in the next step by using direct qualitative content analysis method. Results: 87% of communicative approach categories in selected projects are in a “Strongly Disagree situation”, and 13% are in a “Disagree situation”. Accordingly, the problem-finding and problem-solving process in projects focuses only on the technocratic aspects of space, and the decisive role of concepts of the communicative approach in how the urban design process is navigated is neglected. This is what separates the country's urban design process from the people and degrades experts to the level of tools at the disposal of the power to change the urban space. Conclusion: The communicative approach with re-formulating the relationship between space, designer, people and the institution of power, in addition paying attention to the technical and creative dimensions of space, introduces critical aspects of urban planning knowledge into the urban design process. Thus, space design is considered as the product of processes in which competing discourses maximize their understanding of interests in a process based on communicative action and accept the multiple interests in the field of space, configuring space in a participatory and multilevel process.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_4407_2b9627c3d8523f1e66695a190f67e301.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 4 4 2020 12 21 Explaining Creative Tourism in the City Of Urmia with a Foresight Approach Explaining Creative Tourism in the City Of Urmia with a Foresight Approach 101 116 4010 10.22124/upk.2020.15374.1371 FA Nashmil Rasoli PhD Candidate in Geography and Urban Planning, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Mirnajaf Mousavi Professor of Geography Department, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Hassan Houshyar Assistant Professor of Geography Department, Mohabad Branch, University of Payame Noor, Mohabad, Iran Journal Article 2020 01 09 Background: Creative tourism is the last link in the tourism chain, and today we can see that demand is pervasive for creative tourism products. In this period, the desire of different nations has increased to invest in this sector what can provide competition. In this regard, to take more advantage of this industry, it is crucial to take creative tourism into account in Urmia City. Objectives: The current paper aims to provide creative tourism scenarios in Urmia. Methodology: The type of research is applied-developmental. The research method is foresight which surveys the opinions of experts and specialists through using a questionnaire based on the matrix of interaction. Fifteen individuals were selected based on snowball sampling. The MicMac and ScenarioWizard software analyzed the extracted data. Forty different factors have been used to analyze and evaluate creative tourism in Urmia, their relationships were evaluated, and critical factors were extracted. Then, experts confirmed factors in the form of hypotheses. They were classified and entered into the ScenarioWizard software. Finally, the scenarios were classified based on the hypotheses into the critically, consistently and optimally classifications. Results: According to the findings of the MicMac software, ten key influencing factors were identified. Findings of the ScenarioWizard also showed that 14 credible and probable scenarios (one scenario with a favourable situation, four scenarios with a stable situation and nine scenarios with a critical situation) were obtained for the future of creative tourism in Urmia in the 1404 Horizons. Conclusion: According to experts, there are deplorable conditions for the development of creative tourism in Urmia. Hence, planning is highly crucial to reduce the adverse effects of these conditions. There is also this need to pay attention to the desired scenario or the development of creative tourism in Urmia. Background: Creative tourism is the last link in the tourism chain, and today we can see that demand is pervasive for creative tourism products. In this period, the desire of different nations has increased to invest in this sector what can provide competition. In this regard, to take more advantage of this industry, it is crucial to take creative tourism into account in Urmia City. Objectives: The current paper aims to provide creative tourism scenarios in Urmia. Methodology: The type of research is applied-developmental. The research method is foresight which surveys the opinions of experts and specialists through using a questionnaire based on the matrix of interaction. Fifteen individuals were selected based on snowball sampling. The MicMac and ScenarioWizard software analyzed the extracted data. Forty different factors have been used to analyze and evaluate creative tourism in Urmia, their relationships were evaluated, and critical factors were extracted. Then, experts confirmed factors in the form of hypotheses. They were classified and entered into the ScenarioWizard software. Finally, the scenarios were classified based on the hypotheses into the critically, consistently and optimally classifications. Results: According to the findings of the MicMac software, ten key influencing factors were identified. Findings of the ScenarioWizard also showed that 14 credible and probable scenarios (one scenario with a favourable situation, four scenarios with a stable situation and nine scenarios with a critical situation) were obtained for the future of creative tourism in Urmia in the 1404 Horizons. Conclusion: According to experts, there are deplorable conditions for the development of creative tourism in Urmia. Hence, planning is highly crucial to reduce the adverse effects of these conditions. There is also this need to pay attention to the desired scenario or the development of creative tourism in Urmia.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_4010_3eb44bf831431d03f50addbc91460f94.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 4 4 2020 12 21 Imaginary of Citizen Participation with the Aim of Improving Urban Governance (Case Study: Tehran) Imaginary of Citizen Participation with the Aim of Improving Urban Governance (Case Study: Tehran) 117 135 4408 10.22124/upk.2020.16986.1507 FA Ali Mohammadzadeh PhD Candidate, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Aliasghar Pourezzat Professor of Public Administration, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Ahad Rezayan Ghayehbashi Ph.D in Futures Studies at the University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Ali Pirannejad Associate Professor of Public Administration, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran & TiSEM: Tilburg School of Economics and Management, Netherlands Journal Article 2020 07 02 Background: Imaging the future is a common and well-known method aimed creating the desired future or preventing the occurrence of undesirable futures. Imaging is a creative tool for policy making or policy change. Imaging of the future allows policymakers and executives to reconsider current system trends and, by revising and reinforcing them, to prevent possible deviations and pave the way for progress and excellence. Imaginary of citizen participation in the urban management will enable managers to conceive the future, revise and review the current policies and plans to make the desired future. The current situation scenario has been a possible images for policy and decision-makers. Imaginary of this perspective as well as revision of the processes could act as a valuable, useful tool for managers and urban planners. According to the evidence of citizen participation in Tehran, this issue has not the desired condition and city managers do not have a clear image of the future in mind. Objectives: The present study, assuming the current situation in the next ten years, depicts the view of citizen participation in the form of a possible scenario, and try to revise incompatible strategies and policies. Methodology: For this purpose, using interviews, the factors affecting citizen participation were counted and by referring to experts, the drivers of non-citizen participation and their importance and uncertainty were identified. By considering the drivers with critical uncertainty, possible images of the future. Citizen participation in the city of Tehran was drawn and illustrated. Results: With five drivers identified and maintaining inconsistencies, four scenarios were finally introduced: vulgar democracy, manager-centered city, dramatic management, and ideal city. Realization of the first scenario (vulgar democracy), which is an extension of the current situation in the field of citizen participation, Tehran Municipality faces many challenges, including the financial crisis, increasing people's distance from the government, managerial challenges and ... named. Therefore, these challenges have been tried to be presented through imagery with the aim of reviewing current policies. Conclusion: To overcome the challenges of the future, it is necessary, today, to take action by the Municipality of Tehran and to adopt strategies in the field of citizen participation and to review some of the policies. In the conclusion section, with emphasis on the picture of the continuity of the current situation, the requirements for change in current policies and approaches have been extracted and discussed. Background: Imaging the future is a common and well-known method aimed creating the desired future or preventing the occurrence of undesirable futures. Imaging is a creative tool for policy making or policy change. Imaging of the future allows policymakers and executives to reconsider current system trends and, by revising and reinforcing them, to prevent possible deviations and pave the way for progress and excellence. Imaginary of citizen participation in the urban management will enable managers to conceive the future, revise and review the current policies and plans to make the desired future. The current situation scenario has been a possible images for policy and decision-makers. Imaginary of this perspective as well as revision of the processes could act as a valuable, useful tool for managers and urban planners. According to the evidence of citizen participation in Tehran, this issue has not the desired condition and city managers do not have a clear image of the future in mind. Objectives: The present study, assuming the current situation in the next ten years, depicts the view of citizen participation in the form of a possible scenario, and try to revise incompatible strategies and policies. Methodology: For this purpose, using interviews, the factors affecting citizen participation were counted and by referring to experts, the drivers of non-citizen participation and their importance and uncertainty were identified. By considering the drivers with critical uncertainty, possible images of the future. Citizen participation in the city of Tehran was drawn and illustrated. Results: With five drivers identified and maintaining inconsistencies, four scenarios were finally introduced: vulgar democracy, manager-centered city, dramatic management, and ideal city. Realization of the first scenario (vulgar democracy), which is an extension of the current situation in the field of citizen participation, Tehran Municipality faces many challenges, including the financial crisis, increasing people's distance from the government, managerial challenges and ... named. Therefore, these challenges have been tried to be presented through imagery with the aim of reviewing current policies. Conclusion: To overcome the challenges of the future, it is necessary, today, to take action by the Municipality of Tehran and to adopt strategies in the field of citizen participation and to review some of the policies. In the conclusion section, with emphasis on the picture of the continuity of the current situation, the requirements for change in current policies and approaches have been extracted and discussed.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_4408_3440cb39be653b2b096320f526ac0900.pdf