University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 5 3 2021 09 23 Content Analysis of Iranian Ph.D. Theses on Urban Planning with Emphasis on the Relationship between Knowledge and Research Content Analysis of Iranian Ph.D. Theses on Urban Planning with Emphasis on the Relationship between Knowledge and Research 1 20 4680 10.22124/upk.2021.18113.1586 FA Mohammad Mehdi Azizi Professor, School of Urban Planning, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mastooreh Gholiplour PhD, School of Urban Planning, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2020 11 07 Background: A Review of the criticisms made about Iran's urban planning indicates significant points regarding the quality of professional planning activities, research outputs and its knowledge production system. It is supposed that current knowledge, research and profession defections and shortcomings that each experience individually are the result of a general flaw in the relationship between all of them. Establishing PhD planning courses in various world universities have a significant history and its research outcomes have been trying to enrich planning knowledge base. Iranian PhD Urban Planning courses began in 1968 at the University of Tehran. Since 2009, Shahid Beheshti and Tarbiat Modarres universities, then other universities have joined this movement. However, the question is how the content of the knowledge-research relationship is defined in Iranian urban planning and to improve the knowledge of Iranian urban planning, what content should Ph.D. theses cover? Objectives: This study aims to find out what effect the content of PhD Urban Planning theses in Iranian urban planning knowledge in these years and the role they should play in the coming years. Methodology: This article is a fundamental research type and the research method is based on qualitative content analysis. Therefore, 461 English PhD Urban Planning theses, 20199 English articles, 5199 Persian articles and 123 Persian PhD Urban Planning Theses were analyzed as study samples. Results: The study showed that the categories of philosophy and theories have been the first priority in both knowledge of urban planning and research of the world as well as in Iran. Conclusion: Comparing the relationship between Iranian and global knowledge-research, indicates that the PhD researchers can determine three goals to choose the subject of their theses. These goals include: enriching Iranian urban planning knowledge, take a step in the direction of global urban planning knowledge or considering a combination of these two goals. Based on the selection of each of these goals, a list of thematic priorities is proposed for PhD researchers. Background: A Review of the criticisms made about Iran's urban planning indicates significant points regarding the quality of professional planning activities, research outputs and its knowledge production system. It is supposed that current knowledge, research and profession defections and shortcomings that each experience individually are the result of a general flaw in the relationship between all of them. Establishing PhD planning courses in various world universities have a significant history and its research outcomes have been trying to enrich planning knowledge base. Iranian PhD Urban Planning courses began in 1968 at the University of Tehran. Since 2009, Shahid Beheshti and Tarbiat Modarres universities, then other universities have joined this movement. However, the question is how the content of the knowledge-research relationship is defined in Iranian urban planning and to improve the knowledge of Iranian urban planning, what content should Ph.D. theses cover? Objectives: This study aims to find out what effect the content of PhD Urban Planning theses in Iranian urban planning knowledge in these years and the role they should play in the coming years. Methodology: This article is a fundamental research type and the research method is based on qualitative content analysis. Therefore, 461 English PhD Urban Planning theses, 20199 English articles, 5199 Persian articles and 123 Persian PhD Urban Planning Theses were analyzed as study samples. Results: The study showed that the categories of philosophy and theories have been the first priority in both knowledge of urban planning and research of the world as well as in Iran. Conclusion: Comparing the relationship between Iranian and global knowledge-research, indicates that the PhD researchers can determine three goals to choose the subject of their theses. These goals include: enriching Iranian urban planning knowledge, take a step in the direction of global urban planning knowledge or considering a combination of these two goals. Based on the selection of each of these goals, a list of thematic priorities is proposed for PhD researchers.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_4680_96333aaf925c09a7fec59f9c42059e1a.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 5 3 2021 09 23 Application Analysis of Transfer Development Right (TDR) Approach for Conservation Historical Textures (Case Study: Urmia Historical Texture) Application Analysis of Transfer Development Right (TDR) Approach for Conservation Historical Textures (Case Study: Urmia Historical Texture) 21 39 4676 10.22124/upk.2021.16817.1494 FA Mohammadhosein Pourhasanzadeh Master of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Urbanism and Art, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Ghader Ahmadi Assistant Professor in Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Urbanism and Art, Urmia University, Iran Journal Article 2020 06 14 Background: Historical textures are the main and important components of cities that have unique historical and cultural values. Today, cities are witnessing the loss of this precious heritage through unconventional construction without regard for cultural and historical values. In order to prevent the destruction of these texture, it is necessary to use an effective and practical method. Objectives: The main purpose of the present research is to analyze the mechanism of TDR approach as a protection method and feasibility study of its use to protect the historical context of Urmia. Methodology: The research is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical research in terms of nature. Theoretical foundations of research were obtained through documentary-library studies and to investigate the study area, the criteria for determining the areas of sending (protection) and receiving (development) were extracted and using Delphi and AHP methods, the importance of the criteria was determined and then using GIS software, the zones of sending and receiving were determined and prioritized. After that, by compilation and design a program for transfer development right, planning has been done in the designated areas. Results and Conclusion: The results indicate that the TDR approach by identifying areas susceptible to development throughout the city of Urmia and the transfer of development rights of historical texture owners to these areas and if the basic building density is 120 percent and the development right ratio is 20% to 80%, it will be able to execute and protect the historical texture of Urmia and is a reliable way to protect this texture. Background: Historical textures are the main and important components of cities that have unique historical and cultural values. Today, cities are witnessing the loss of this precious heritage through unconventional construction without regard for cultural and historical values. In order to prevent the destruction of these texture, it is necessary to use an effective and practical method. Objectives: The main purpose of the present research is to analyze the mechanism of TDR approach as a protection method and feasibility study of its use to protect the historical context of Urmia. Methodology: The research is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical research in terms of nature. Theoretical foundations of research were obtained through documentary-library studies and to investigate the study area, the criteria for determining the areas of sending (protection) and receiving (development) were extracted and using Delphi and AHP methods, the importance of the criteria was determined and then using GIS software, the zones of sending and receiving were determined and prioritized. After that, by compilation and design a program for transfer development right, planning has been done in the designated areas. Results and Conclusion: The results indicate that the TDR approach by identifying areas susceptible to development throughout the city of Urmia and the transfer of development rights of historical texture owners to these areas and if the basic building density is 120 percent and the development right ratio is 20% to 80%, it will be able to execute and protect the historical texture of Urmia and is a reliable way to protect this texture.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_4676_99a2d802bde0dd41a088a2a312ad5cb6.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 5 3 2021 09 23 - - 41 64 4946 10.22124/upk.2021.18757.1608 FA Taghi Ahmadi Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Urbansim, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Kianoosh Zakerhaghighi Associate Professor, Department of Urban Planning and Design, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran 0000-0002-7963-0499 Amir Hossein Pourjohari Assistant Professor, Department of Urbansim, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2021 01 29 Background: One of the current challenges in the life of metropolises is the existence of visual pollution along with other environmental pollution, which of course is less said or written about. Urban advertising is one of the manifestations of development in cities, which has brought visual pollution to citizens. Interestingly, as the level of growth and development of cities increases, so does urban advertising, and consequently the visual pollution caused by urban advertising also increases. Objective: The main purpose of this research is to improve the quality of appearance and urban towncape in the field of urban advertising and also to rank the impact of components and physical indicators of urban advertising in the production of visual pollution in townscape and provide a practical solution to reduce this pollution for Tehran. Methodology: Research based on quantitative survey method and questionnaire tools in the field of physical indicators of urban advertising include: design indicators, location of urban advertising structure and graphic design of advertising message; After validation and reliability of indicators and items, 399 citizens of Tehran were conducted as a research sample and the results of the questionnaire were analyzed in the structural equation model (SEM) and the effect of each of them on visual pollution was ranked. Results: The research shows that the most important physical indicators of urban advertising underlying visual pollution are location, advertising structure, structural design and graphic design of advertising message, respectively. Also, the most important sub-indicators of each indicator are as follows; In the location index of structures, respectively (density of structures, misalignment of class boards, blocking of art-architecture-natural landscapes-legibility of urban signboards), in the index of structural design (shape, lighting system and height of the structure) and in the graphic design index (number of words) , Abbreviations and graphic design images are the most important factors. Highlights: Considering the impact of urban advertising on the quality of urban landscape and on the other hand the lack of research in this field, this article tries to explain the importance of urban advertising in urban landscape planning and design. Background: One of the current challenges in the life of metropolises is the existence of visual pollution along with other environmental pollution, which of course is less said or written about. Urban advertising is one of the manifestations of development in cities, which has brought visual pollution to citizens. Interestingly, as the level of growth and development of cities increases, so does urban advertising, and consequently the visual pollution caused by urban advertising also increases. Objective: The main purpose of this research is to improve the quality of appearance and urban towncape in the field of urban advertising and also to rank the impact of components and physical indicators of urban advertising in the production of visual pollution in townscape and provide a practical solution to reduce this pollution for Tehran. Methodology: Research based on quantitative survey method and questionnaire tools in the field of physical indicators of urban advertising include: design indicators, location of urban advertising structure and graphic design of advertising message; After validation and reliability of indicators and items, 399 citizens of Tehran were conducted as a research sample and the results of the questionnaire were analyzed in the structural equation model (SEM) and the effect of each of them on visual pollution was ranked. Results: The research shows that the most important physical indicators of urban advertising underlying visual pollution are location, advertising structure, structural design and graphic design of advertising message, respectively. Also, the most important sub-indicators of each indicator are as follows; In the location index of structures, respectively (density of structures, misalignment of class boards, blocking of art-architecture-natural landscapes-legibility of urban signboards), in the index of structural design (shape, lighting system and height of the structure) and in the graphic design index (number of words) , Abbreviations and graphic design images are the most important factors. Highlights: Considering the impact of urban advertising on the quality of urban landscape and on the other hand the lack of research in this field, this article tries to explain the importance of urban advertising in urban landscape planning and design.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_4946_2a25d30617530258d2b9845d4faae243.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 5 3 2021 09 23 Urban Ventilation Conceptualization: Explaining Conceptual Models and Identification of Measurement Indicators Urban Ventilation Conceptualization: Explaining Conceptual Models and Identification of Measurement Indicators 65 89 4782 10.22124/upk.2021.18549.1600 FA Mahsa Keshavarz Mohammadian Master’s Student in Urban Design, Departmentof Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Khalili Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran Majid Mofidi Shemrani Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2021 01 03 Background: The issue of air pollution and the decline in the metropolitans’ air quality over the next 30 years will be one of the most catastrophic challenges and the leading cause of premature death worldwide. It seems that along with the booming growth of the urban population, physical changes which have been resulted from the use of traditional approaches in urban planning and design, have led to a decline in urban air quality. Objectives: By a comprehensive review of natural ventilation literature, the present study aims to provide a theoretical and operational framework for conceptualization and measuring the quality of urban natural ventilation in the local level (neighborhood and block). Method: Being a survey- case study research, the article intends to explain the main components of the concept of urban natural ventilation, to determine the factors affecting urban natural ventilation and the dimensions affected by urban ventilation (in the local level), in order to extract the general indicators for measuring the quality of natural ventilation in urban areas. Result: By presenting five effective factors on natural ventilation, and five affected areas of natural ventilation based on their scale, the conceptual model of the research which shows a comprehensive connection among the influential components has been provided. In addition, by using the Goeller evaluation matrix, 35 morphological indicators which have been extracted from the literature review have been ranked, and 10 main indicators have been selected as the first priorities to assess the condition of natural ventilation in urban areas. Conclusion: Identifying the 10 morphological indicators, affecting natural ventilation, suggests that the application of these indicators for a ventilation-based urban development may conflict with some general development guidelines of other urban approaches such as Sustainability and the Compact City approach. Therefore, it appears necessary to conduct multifaceted solutions based on contextual circumstances. Background: The issue of air pollution and the decline in the metropolitans’ air quality over the next 30 years will be one of the most catastrophic challenges and the leading cause of premature death worldwide. It seems that along with the booming growth of the urban population, physical changes which have been resulted from the use of traditional approaches in urban planning and design, have led to a decline in urban air quality. Objectives: By a comprehensive review of natural ventilation literature, the present study aims to provide a theoretical and operational framework for conceptualization and measuring the quality of urban natural ventilation in the local level (neighborhood and block). Method: Being a survey- case study research, the article intends to explain the main components of the concept of urban natural ventilation, to determine the factors affecting urban natural ventilation and the dimensions affected by urban ventilation (in the local level), in order to extract the general indicators for measuring the quality of natural ventilation in urban areas. Result: By presenting five effective factors on natural ventilation, and five affected areas of natural ventilation based on their scale, the conceptual model of the research which shows a comprehensive connection among the influential components has been provided. In addition, by using the Goeller evaluation matrix, 35 morphological indicators which have been extracted from the literature review have been ranked, and 10 main indicators have been selected as the first priorities to assess the condition of natural ventilation in urban areas. Conclusion: Identifying the 10 morphological indicators, affecting natural ventilation, suggests that the application of these indicators for a ventilation-based urban development may conflict with some general development guidelines of other urban approaches such as Sustainability and the Compact City approach. Therefore, it appears necessary to conduct multifaceted solutions based on contextual circumstances.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_4782_ada5628884f0f6fc2d96816b3c915294.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 5 3 2021 09 23 The Evolution of Urban Planning and Its Connections with the Formulation of the Question of Iran in the New Knowledge System The Evolution of Urban Planning and Its Connections with the Formulation of the Question of Iran in the New Knowledge System 91 106 5135 10.22124/upk.2021.19745.1647 FA Saleh Roshani PhD Candidate in Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Mozaffar Sarrafi Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2021 05 29 Background: The emergence of the political in urban planning, which has been reflected in the Iranian scholars' works in recent years, has led to the importance of issues in the field of social sciences in planning. Moreover, with the invalidating universal readings in planning, the socio-historical context has played a more prominent role. In our new knowledge system, the explanation of the historical situation of Iran is based on two approaches: Orientalism (Eurocentric perspective) and Nativism (reaction to orientalism). Both of these approaches have been made possible based on constructing the "other", in which less attention has been paid to the complexities of historical reality. In recent years, with the critique of both approaches, a new space for speaking and conceptualization has emerged, which emphasizes the positive reading and immanent analysis of the historical reality in Iran. Objectives: This paper is seeking to identify the existing readings and narratives of the historical experience of the urban planning in Iran by showing the role of the context issues in urban planning. Methodology: Based on an ontological question, this paper is committed to the research question itself by avoiding a priori application and direct theory and method, and therefore pursues invisible structures and mechanisms in the dominant narratives with a post-critical strategy and an approach based on critical realism. Results: The identified narratives are: a) the relative success of planning in the technical dimension b) the failure of planning in Iran c) the lack of formation of planning in Iran, d) the special nature of planning in Iran and e) the transition view of planning (with two aspects focusing on the past and The future and thus the suspension of the present as well as the emerging space of immanent reading). Conclusion: These readings which we called narratives are related to explaining the situation of Iran in the social sciences and our new system of knowledge. Using special mechanisms, it has become difficult to conceptualize the historical facts of urban planning. Along with the social sciences, here, in some later narratives, there are signs of a new space for an immanent reading of the experience of urban planning. Background: The emergence of the political in urban planning, which has been reflected in the Iranian scholars' works in recent years, has led to the importance of issues in the field of social sciences in planning. Moreover, with the invalidating universal readings in planning, the socio-historical context has played a more prominent role. In our new knowledge system, the explanation of the historical situation of Iran is based on two approaches: Orientalism (Eurocentric perspective) and Nativism (reaction to orientalism). Both of these approaches have been made possible based on constructing the "other", in which less attention has been paid to the complexities of historical reality. In recent years, with the critique of both approaches, a new space for speaking and conceptualization has emerged, which emphasizes the positive reading and immanent analysis of the historical reality in Iran. Objectives: This paper is seeking to identify the existing readings and narratives of the historical experience of the urban planning in Iran by showing the role of the context issues in urban planning. Methodology: Based on an ontological question, this paper is committed to the research question itself by avoiding a priori application and direct theory and method, and therefore pursues invisible structures and mechanisms in the dominant narratives with a post-critical strategy and an approach based on critical realism. Results: The identified narratives are: a) the relative success of planning in the technical dimension b) the failure of planning in Iran c) the lack of formation of planning in Iran, d) the special nature of planning in Iran and e) the transition view of planning (with two aspects focusing on the past and The future and thus the suspension of the present as well as the emerging space of immanent reading). Conclusion: These readings which we called narratives are related to explaining the situation of Iran in the social sciences and our new system of knowledge. Using special mechanisms, it has become difficult to conceptualize the historical facts of urban planning. Along with the social sciences, here, in some later narratives, there are signs of a new space for an immanent reading of the experience of urban planning.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_5135_8f8bf7892aa9a2f38b83640f1c8ef262.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 5 3 2021 09 23 Analysis of Factors and Components of the Sense of Belonging to Place in the Old Neighborhoods of Tabriz City (Case Study of Ahrab Neighborhood of Tabriz) Analysis of Factors and Components of the Sense of Belonging to Place in the Old Neighborhoods of Tabriz City (Case Study of Ahrab Neighborhood of Tabriz) 107 125 4674 10.22124/upk.2021.16220.1441 FA Mostafa Basiri 2. Assistant Prof., of Urban Planning and Architecture, Ilkhchi Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilkhchi, Iran. Ali ZeynaliAzim Assistant Prof, of Architecture& Urban Planning, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tbriz, Iran. Ail Azar Assistant Prof, of Urban Planning and Architecture, MaraghehBranch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran. Journal Article 2020 04 10 Background: The neighborhood is not only a place and environment for human activities and shelter, but also a phenomenon that human beings, in their interaction with it, give meaning to and become attached to. But today, the sense of belonging to the place in the old and historical neighborhoods is at a low level due to the negligence of the relevant organizations. Objectives: This study analyzes the factors and components of the sense of belonging to the place in Ahrab neighborhood of Tabriz. Methodology: The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and content of the work and is of survey type. In-depth interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data. The statistical population is the population of Ahrab neighborhood of Tabriz which is equal to 17952 people. The sample size of the Cochran's formula was 376. The sampling method is simple random. Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. To test the research questions, the normality of the data was first examined using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and after confirming the normality of the data, Pearson correlation and confirmatory factor analysis were used for the second time. The calculations were performed on SPSS and Amos software. Results: The goodness of fit index (GFI) is 0.915, which indicates the acceptability of this rate for optimal fit of the model. The root mean square of the estimation error (RMSEA) is 0.065, which is acceptable due to being less than 0.08 and indicates the confirmation of the research model. Also, the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) is 0.906, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) is 0.903, and PNFI Index is 0.71, which all indicate the desired fit and confirmation of the research model. Conclusion: It showed that the passage of time with a factor of 0.96 has the greatest effect on the sense of belonging to the place. It is followed by readability and accessibility, visual richness, furniture and equipment, emotional, spatial quality, social interactions, beauty and symbols and identity. Background: The neighborhood is not only a place and environment for human activities and shelter, but also a phenomenon that human beings, in their interaction with it, give meaning to and become attached to. But today, the sense of belonging to the place in the old and historical neighborhoods is at a low level due to the negligence of the relevant organizations. Objectives: This study analyzes the factors and components of the sense of belonging to the place in Ahrab neighborhood of Tabriz. Methodology: The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and content of the work and is of survey type. In-depth interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data. The statistical population is the population of Ahrab neighborhood of Tabriz which is equal to 17952 people. The sample size of the Cochran's formula was 376. The sampling method is simple random. Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. To test the research questions, the normality of the data was first examined using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and after confirming the normality of the data, Pearson correlation and confirmatory factor analysis were used for the second time. The calculations were performed on SPSS and Amos software. Results: The goodness of fit index (GFI) is 0.915, which indicates the acceptability of this rate for optimal fit of the model. The root mean square of the estimation error (RMSEA) is 0.065, which is acceptable due to being less than 0.08 and indicates the confirmation of the research model. Also, the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) is 0.906, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) is 0.903, and PNFI Index is 0.71, which all indicate the desired fit and confirmation of the research model. Conclusion: It showed that the passage of time with a factor of 0.96 has the greatest effect on the sense of belonging to the place. It is followed by readability and accessibility, visual richness, furniture and equipment, emotional, spatial quality, social interactions, beauty and symbols and identity.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_4674_d04021f92637a2aca1945bfc4357c175.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 5 3 2021 09 23 Exploration of changing conceptual attitudes in the city in the context of epidemic diseases from the perspective of urban design and planning Exploration of changing conceptual attitudes in the city in the context of epidemic diseases from the perspective of urban design and planning 127 151 4864 10.22124/upk.2021.16945.1504 FA Hadi Pendar Assistant Professor, Department of Urban design , Art university, Tehran, Iran Zohreh Ziaratizadeh Department of Urban design , Art university, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2020 06 29 The Disaster Risk Reduction Management Process aims to strengthen community resilience, a range of theoretical concepts and practical measures in terms of planning policy and control at three stages before, during, and after disasters. Cities, as centers of demographic, economic, and social concentration, are periodically involved in some pervasive crises. This paper examines the prevalence of Covid 19 virus from different perspectives, expresses the necessary actions and changes in conceptual attitudes to the city to control and adapt to new conditions. For this purpose, referring to the scientific texts related to urban planning and design in the global discourse after Corona's arrival and its adaptation to the current conditions of urban planning and design in Iran, global policies have been deduced and extracted and its validity in Iran is also discussed. For this purpose, by searching for keywords related to the research topic in reputable scientific and research websites and in the time period (2019-2020) related to the onset of the virus outbreak until its completion, up to 50 scientific articles were reviewed and explored. The basic concepts were extracted and expanded. After exploratory and analytical review, the relationship between the components was measured and integrated analysis in the form of procedural and substantive concepts related to urban planning knowledge was reviewed and reviewed. Based on research findings, cities with extended open spaces in public realms, with transparent spatial data management systems and participatory actions related to the temporal analysis of events, have better opportunities to implement urban planning and design ideas in the management of epidemics. Openness, transparent, participatory cities are better equipped to manage epidemics than other cities. After the Corona era, new spatial-temporal concepts of mixing real-virtual environments in workplaces and living spaces, new spatial compositions of public arenas in the activity system, and scenarios sensitive to the time of disease development. The qualities that provide the ability to separate in the system of activity and movement and access through the combination of layers of natural and artificial environments in the hierarchy based on time-flow management-based of functions, also activity and movement will make tangible changes. The Disaster Risk Reduction Management Process aims to strengthen community resilience, a range of theoretical concepts and practical measures in terms of planning policy and control at three stages before, during, and after disasters. Cities, as centers of demographic, economic, and social concentration, are periodically involved in some pervasive crises. This paper examines the prevalence of Covid 19 virus from different perspectives, expresses the necessary actions and changes in conceptual attitudes to the city to control and adapt to new conditions. For this purpose, referring to the scientific texts related to urban planning and design in the global discourse after Corona's arrival and its adaptation to the current conditions of urban planning and design in Iran, global policies have been deduced and extracted and its validity in Iran is also discussed. For this purpose, by searching for keywords related to the research topic in reputable scientific and research websites and in the time period (2019-2020) related to the onset of the virus outbreak until its completion, up to 50 scientific articles were reviewed and explored. The basic concepts were extracted and expanded. After exploratory and analytical review, the relationship between the components was measured and integrated analysis in the form of procedural and substantive concepts related to urban planning knowledge was reviewed and reviewed. Based on research findings, cities with extended open spaces in public realms, with transparent spatial data management systems and participatory actions related to the temporal analysis of events, have better opportunities to implement urban planning and design ideas in the management of epidemics. Openness, transparent, participatory cities are better equipped to manage epidemics than other cities. After the Corona era, new spatial-temporal concepts of mixing real-virtual environments in workplaces and living spaces, new spatial compositions of public arenas in the activity system, and scenarios sensitive to the time of disease development. The qualities that provide the ability to separate in the system of activity and movement and access through the combination of layers of natural and artificial environments in the hierarchy based on time-flow management-based of functions, also activity and movement will make tangible changes.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_4864_29e7b7a0fd27d5714166fda462693df0.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 5 3 2021 09 23 Sensory Richness Analysis Using Sense Walking and Sensory Notation Techniques (Case: Shiraz’s Azadi Park) Sensory Richness Analysis Using Sense Walking and Sensory Notation Techniques (Case: Shiraz’s Azadi Park) 153 169 4679 10.22124/upk.2021.16538.1474 FA Mahmud Shookouhi Dolat Abadi Assistant professor, Department of Urbanism, Faculty of Art, university of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Zahra Zarei Postgraduate student of Daneshpajoohan Higher Education Institute, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2020 05 14 Background: City and urban spaces due to the gathering place of people and having social interactions, play an essential role in shaping social life and community identity. The perception of these spaces is the result of human sensory experience of the environment; which perceived through multiple sensory channels such as vision, hearing, smell, taste and touch. The vast and profound sensory experience of all senses is referred to as sensory richness. The quality of the environment is measured by various parameters, one of which is sensory richness. The dynamics and acceptance of any urban space can be seen in the extent to which people use it. As places look more like each other, today's urban spaces are in senses isolation. Paying attention senses richness in designing, has the potential to provide a distinct place experience for individuals. Azadi Park is one of the active gardens in the city of Shiraz which in addition to having positive spatial elements, accommodates a wide range of negative spatial elements which affects the decline of sensory richness. The first effective action is recognition and recording of various sensory stimuli that can be remedied with a comprehensive view of the deficiencies in order to solve this problem Objectives: This study aimed to reveal the importance of sensory richness in urban spaces, its determinants and sensory richness analysis in Shiraz Azadi Park. Methodology: The method used in this study was descriptive-analytical. The modified version of sensory notation technique and sensory richness sensory analysis in Shiraz Azadi Garden were analyzed and evaluated to achieve the desired result after studying the theoretical foundations and introducing the criteria of sensory richness evaluation. Results: The findings of this study show that the part of urban spaces that has been able to engage more feelings of citizens, has created a more complete experience of space in people's minds; As a result of this experience, citizens will be more aware and enjoy the space. The findings of this study indicate that the effect of sensory components in the garden is moderate, and no attention has been paid to the stimulus elements of all senses in its design and it has a negative impact on people's experience and perception. Conclusion: Therefore, focusing on the components of all senses is a desirable way to improve the sensory richness of this garden. Background: City and urban spaces due to the gathering place of people and having social interactions, play an essential role in shaping social life and community identity. The perception of these spaces is the result of human sensory experience of the environment; which perceived through multiple sensory channels such as vision, hearing, smell, taste and touch. The vast and profound sensory experience of all senses is referred to as sensory richness. The quality of the environment is measured by various parameters, one of which is sensory richness. The dynamics and acceptance of any urban space can be seen in the extent to which people use it. As places look more like each other, today's urban spaces are in senses isolation. Paying attention senses richness in designing, has the potential to provide a distinct place experience for individuals. Azadi Park is one of the active gardens in the city of Shiraz which in addition to having positive spatial elements, accommodates a wide range of negative spatial elements which affects the decline of sensory richness. The first effective action is recognition and recording of various sensory stimuli that can be remedied with a comprehensive view of the deficiencies in order to solve this problem Objectives: This study aimed to reveal the importance of sensory richness in urban spaces, its determinants and sensory richness analysis in Shiraz Azadi Park. Methodology: The method used in this study was descriptive-analytical. The modified version of sensory notation technique and sensory richness sensory analysis in Shiraz Azadi Garden were analyzed and evaluated to achieve the desired result after studying the theoretical foundations and introducing the criteria of sensory richness evaluation. Results: The findings of this study show that the part of urban spaces that has been able to engage more feelings of citizens, has created a more complete experience of space in people's minds; As a result of this experience, citizens will be more aware and enjoy the space. The findings of this study indicate that the effect of sensory components in the garden is moderate, and no attention has been paid to the stimulus elements of all senses in its design and it has a negative impact on people's experience and perception. Conclusion: Therefore, focusing on the components of all senses is a desirable way to improve the sensory richness of this garden.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_4679_efa3f7387372ea523894230ede247fbf.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 5 3 2021 09 23 The Role and Position of Historical Cultural Values and Capabilities in the Laws and Policies of Urban Protection in Iran The Role and Position of Historical Cultural Values and Capabilities in the Laws and Policies of Urban Protection in Iran 171 187 5339 10.22124/upk.2021.17682.1571 FA Saman Abizadeh Assistant Professor, Department of Art and Architecture, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran Ahad Nejad Ebrahini Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran Journal Article 2020 09 20 Background: Statement of Problem: Prior to the constitutional, expansion and protection in Iranian cities had a traditional and ritualistic process, and matters related to them were based on principles derived from experience, but with the beginning of reform movements, attitudes toward the city changed; The formation of the National Consultative Assembly and the enactment of the Municipal Law is a turning point in the new concept of the city; In the new definition, laws are an important urban tool and act as a support arm for the development and protection of the city. It seems that the formation of law in Iranian cities has been able to eliminate some shortcomings to some extent, but their adaptation to cultural-historical values shows that the implementation of these laws in many cases have not been in line with historical cultural values. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which the enactment of these laws and regulations has been in line with cultural-historical values and whether their adoption has been able to manifest developmental and cultural values in the body of the city? Methodology: The current research is a basic-theoretical research and the research method is interpretive-historical in which qualitative analyzes and arguments have been used to conclude. Results: In this study, first the approved laws and policies in the field of urban protection were studied and adapted to the obtained cultural-historical values and capabilities, and the role and position of historical cultural values in different periods and approaches of urban intervention were identified and all analyzes are in line with the hypothesis. Conclusion: The research findings show that there is a need for a difference between historical cultural context and the other urban contexts, however old or ancient; And second, the rules and regulations for intervention in valuable contexts must be based on values and designed to manifest values in the present; Third, the rules and regulations of the intervention should be reviewed in accordance with the current needs of each community. Background: Statement of Problem: Prior to the constitutional, expansion and protection in Iranian cities had a traditional and ritualistic process, and matters related to them were based on principles derived from experience, but with the beginning of reform movements, attitudes toward the city changed; The formation of the National Consultative Assembly and the enactment of the Municipal Law is a turning point in the new concept of the city; In the new definition, laws are an important urban tool and act as a support arm for the development and protection of the city. It seems that the formation of law in Iranian cities has been able to eliminate some shortcomings to some extent, but their adaptation to cultural-historical values shows that the implementation of these laws in many cases have not been in line with historical cultural values. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which the enactment of these laws and regulations has been in line with cultural-historical values and whether their adoption has been able to manifest developmental and cultural values in the body of the city? Methodology: The current research is a basic-theoretical research and the research method is interpretive-historical in which qualitative analyzes and arguments have been used to conclude. Results: In this study, first the approved laws and policies in the field of urban protection were studied and adapted to the obtained cultural-historical values and capabilities, and the role and position of historical cultural values in different periods and approaches of urban intervention were identified and all analyzes are in line with the hypothesis. Conclusion: The research findings show that there is a need for a difference between historical cultural context and the other urban contexts, however old or ancient; And second, the rules and regulations for intervention in valuable contexts must be based on values and designed to manifest values in the present; Third, the rules and regulations of the intervention should be reviewed in accordance with the current needs of each community.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_5339_155599a2f175974c01ecf14758315b67.pdf