University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 6 4 2023 01 21 Rereading the Ontological Areas of Livability (Livability is a "Dominant Category of Urban Discourse") Rereading the Ontological Areas of Livability (Livability is a "Dominant Category of Urban Discourse") 1 21 6254 10.22124/upk.2023.22773.1798 FA Saman Abizadeh Assistant Professor Department of Art and Architecture Payame Noor University Tehran, Iran Majid Akbari Ph.D Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Payam noor University of Iran, Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2022 08 12 Background: Separating and clarifying the conceptual borders of livability with the concepts of quality of life, sustainability and welfare is ambiguous due to the similarities and differences of various concepts. Such terms are often used without sufficient definition or study context. As a result, these terms are defined in the true meaning of whatever the researchers themselves have conceptually understood and reached, and consensus is impossible. This confusion is compounded by the fact that many of these terms are often used interchangeably. Therefore, the ontological re-reading of livability is necessary to prevent the existing confusion of researchers in confronting and interacting with these concepts. Therefore, any conceptual confusion in the fields of knowledge of livability can cause a kind of misunderstanding in the scientific and philosophical foundations of knowledge and more experimental results. Objectives: The current research was carried out with the aim of ontological rereading of livability in urban studies. Method: The present article is a developmental-exploratory research, with the help of the qualitative method and through the review of library documents and through the description, analysis and expansion of opinions and discourses and theoretical approaches, in the pursuit of re-reading the areas of existence. Result: The results of this study showed that livability is a meta-concept for environmental quality and a subset of sustainability that directly affects the physical, economic and psychological aspects of people's lives and includes a set of acquired characteristics of the environment that make it It makes it a desirable, convenient and attractive place for all people to live, work and visit. Conclusion: It seems that materialism and modernism influenced the fundamental concept of livability and further this concept by being in the core of post-materialist values as a value system and movement to estimate material needs (such as security, livelihood and Shelter) and criticized and countered the excesses in the policies governing urban growth and used the theory of modern functionalism. Background: Separating and clarifying the conceptual borders of livability with the concepts of quality of life, sustainability and welfare is ambiguous due to the similarities and differences of various concepts. Such terms are often used without sufficient definition or study context. As a result, these terms are defined in the true meaning of whatever the researchers themselves have conceptually understood and reached, and consensus is impossible. This confusion is compounded by the fact that many of these terms are often used interchangeably. Therefore, the ontological re-reading of livability is necessary to prevent the existing confusion of researchers in confronting and interacting with these concepts. Therefore, any conceptual confusion in the fields of knowledge of livability can cause a kind of misunderstanding in the scientific and philosophical foundations of knowledge and more experimental results. Objectives: The current research was carried out with the aim of ontological rereading of livability in urban studies. Method: The present article is a developmental-exploratory research, with the help of the qualitative method and through the review of library documents and through the description, analysis and expansion of opinions and discourses and theoretical approaches, in the pursuit of re-reading the areas of existence. Result: The results of this study showed that livability is a meta-concept for environmental quality and a subset of sustainability that directly affects the physical, economic and psychological aspects of people's lives and includes a set of acquired characteristics of the environment that make it It makes it a desirable, convenient and attractive place for all people to live, work and visit. Conclusion: It seems that materialism and modernism influenced the fundamental concept of livability and further this concept by being in the core of post-materialist values as a value system and movement to estimate material needs (such as security, livelihood and Shelter) and criticized and countered the excesses in the policies governing urban growth and used the theory of modern functionalism.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_6254_667b046305be7a118d23fce639142857.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 6 4 2023 01 21 Mental Mapping of the City's Second-Conceptual Space: A Comparative Study of the Residents of Formal and Informal Settlements in Rasht Mental Mapping of the City's Second-Conceptual Space: A Comparative Study of the Residents of Formal and Informal Settlements in Rasht 22 44 6224 10.22124/upk.2022.16526.1473 FA Hamid Rokhsari PhD student Geography and Urban Planning of University of Kharazmi, Tehran Maryam Jafari Mehrabadi assistant professor University of Guilan Hossein Hataminejad Associate Professor of Geography and Urban Planning University of Tehran. Tehran Journal Article 2020 05 13 Background: Urban spaces are the arena of discourse of social classes, and the function of these spaces becomes clear to the various residents of the city in three basic moments: perceived, conceived and lived; The second-conceptual space of the city is the imagined or representation of the city space; this space is in the study of mental maps called the "conceived space" as the second dimension in the study of mental maps that has been considered. Objectives: In this study, this space is explored in the mental map of the residents of the formal settlements in the District 1 and residents of the informal settlements in the District 4 of Rasht Method: According to the nature of the subject; the method of data collection included "oral interview and field observation"; The types of information collected included: sketch maps, face-to-face conversations, note-taking and photography. To analyze the qualitative data of the research, the qualitative GIS (QGIS) mapping methods under the analysis of oral history to visual narration with the technique of spatial Kernel Density have analyzed the second-conceptual space in the mental maps of two urban classes. Result: The results of the research indicate that in the second-conceptual space of Rasht; a conceptual space reconstruction by the public sector with the role of mediator of urban capitalists in favor of the urban middle class is taking place in the conceptual context of the city. The mechanism of production conceptual space of Rasht city in order to attract the capitalists especially in the central part and development of the service sector in the center and north, and the decline of the manufacturing sector on the suburbs of the city. Conclusion: The urban space is based on a kind of social relations of urban classes that are built and used by the ruling powers. Relationships that are defined in terms of the prevailing ideology and are produced and reproduced through spatial planning policies. Background: Urban spaces are the arena of discourse of social classes, and the function of these spaces becomes clear to the various residents of the city in three basic moments: perceived, conceived and lived; The second-conceptual space of the city is the imagined or representation of the city space; this space is in the study of mental maps called the "conceived space" as the second dimension in the study of mental maps that has been considered. Objectives: In this study, this space is explored in the mental map of the residents of the formal settlements in the District 1 and residents of the informal settlements in the District 4 of Rasht Method: According to the nature of the subject; the method of data collection included "oral interview and field observation"; The types of information collected included: sketch maps, face-to-face conversations, note-taking and photography. To analyze the qualitative data of the research, the qualitative GIS (QGIS) mapping methods under the analysis of oral history to visual narration with the technique of spatial Kernel Density have analyzed the second-conceptual space in the mental maps of two urban classes. Result: The results of the research indicate that in the second-conceptual space of Rasht; a conceptual space reconstruction by the public sector with the role of mediator of urban capitalists in favor of the urban middle class is taking place in the conceptual context of the city. The mechanism of production conceptual space of Rasht city in order to attract the capitalists especially in the central part and development of the service sector in the center and north, and the decline of the manufacturing sector on the suburbs of the city. Conclusion: The urban space is based on a kind of social relations of urban classes that are built and used by the ruling powers. Relationships that are defined in terms of the prevailing ideology and are produced and reproduced through spatial planning policies.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_6224_60002abe2b049f8e1398dab394ee3b07.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 6 4 2023 01 21 Explaining the Role of Modernist Approaches in the Evolution of Urban Squares from the Perspectiveof Objective, Physical, and Functional Components in Iran and Uzbekistan during the Qajar and the First Pahlavi Periods Explaining the Role of Modernist Approaches in the Evolution of Urban Squares from the Perspectiveof Objective, Physical, and Functional Components in Iran and Uzbekistan during the Qajar and the First Pahlavi Periods 45 67 6225 10.22124/upk.2022.18342.1591 FA Nazanin Islami PH.D. Candidate, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran. Fariba Alborzi Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran. Corresponding Author, Hossein Soltanzadeh Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2020 12 04 Background: Qajar urban planning is the Connection or breakpoint between the traditional past and the modern future of Iran and provides the Context for the emergence of the first two decades of Pahlavi thought. In the same period, the Soviet modernization campaign in Uzbekistan led to major developments in the country. In this light, Developments in urban squares emerging in the two countries appears to have some similarities and differences. Objectives: This study aims to discover how the impact of modern Cultural, political and social progresses in these societies on the urban squares evolution in Iran and Uzbekistan during the Qajar and First Pahlavi Eras to answer these questions: Have the modern cultural, political and social progresses influenced the process of Urban Squares Evolution in Iran and Uzbekistan? What is the Structure, nature and aspects of differences and similarities of Urban Squares Evolution in Iran and Uzbekistan during Qajar and First Pahlavi Eras ? Method: The present work is a Historical - comparative study and adopts a qualitative approach through documentary and field studies, relying on interpretive – historical methods for collecting the historical theoretical foundations and descriptive–analytical methods for analyzing urban Squares Evolution in Iran and Uzbekistan. The statistical population consists of all squares that underwent physical and functional changes during the Qajar and Pahlavi Eras due to modernist ideas and The sample population consists of a number of squares that belonging to the same period (in terms of evolution) and have stylistic similarities that share stylistic physical and functional similarities Result: The results are suggestive of the objective, functional, and physical manifestation of the modernistic components in both countries, but functional components appear more accentuated. Conclusion: In both countries components such as functional integration around squares, physical extroversion, visual transparency and neoclassical - style building construction have emerged similarly. Background: Qajar urban planning is the Connection or breakpoint between the traditional past and the modern future of Iran and provides the Context for the emergence of the first two decades of Pahlavi thought. In the same period, the Soviet modernization campaign in Uzbekistan led to major developments in the country. In this light, Developments in urban squares emerging in the two countries appears to have some similarities and differences. Objectives: This study aims to discover how the impact of modern Cultural, political and social progresses in these societies on the urban squares evolution in Iran and Uzbekistan during the Qajar and First Pahlavi Eras to answer these questions: Have the modern cultural, political and social progresses influenced the process of Urban Squares Evolution in Iran and Uzbekistan? What is the Structure, nature and aspects of differences and similarities of Urban Squares Evolution in Iran and Uzbekistan during Qajar and First Pahlavi Eras ? Method: The present work is a Historical - comparative study and adopts a qualitative approach through documentary and field studies, relying on interpretive – historical methods for collecting the historical theoretical foundations and descriptive–analytical methods for analyzing urban Squares Evolution in Iran and Uzbekistan. The statistical population consists of all squares that underwent physical and functional changes during the Qajar and Pahlavi Eras due to modernist ideas and The sample population consists of a number of squares that belonging to the same period (in terms of evolution) and have stylistic similarities that share stylistic physical and functional similarities Result: The results are suggestive of the objective, functional, and physical manifestation of the modernistic components in both countries, but functional components appear more accentuated. Conclusion: In both countries components such as functional integration around squares, physical extroversion, visual transparency and neoclassical - style building construction have emerged similarly.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_6225_e34fef99b8f320d4ff38ac6ab9087c25.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 6 4 2023 01 21 Identification of Islamic City Drivers by Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis or IPA Identification of Islamic City Drivers by Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis or IPA 68 89 6228 10.22124/upk.2023.22248.1760 FA Zahra Kamelifar Ph.D. Student,, Tabriz university, Planning and environmental science faculty, Tabriz, Iran Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi Professor, Department of Urban planning, University of Tabriz,, Tabriz, Iran Shahrivar Rustayi Associate Professor, Department of Urban planning, University of Tabriz,, Tabriz, Iran Journal Article 2022 05 07 Background: Considering the huge volume of studies conducted in the field of Islamic city during the last century; The amount, variety and sometimes contradictions and fragmentation of the results of these studies on the one hand and the need to precisely answer the unanswered questions in this field on the other hand; Also, the necessity of principled action in order to formulate the theoretical foundations of the Islamic city, the importance of this research can be considered as an effort to explain the concept of the Islamic city. Objective: This study extracts and identifies the drivers of the Islamic city from reliable jurisprudential sources (Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah). Method: The present study is an exploratory and qualitative research. This study aimed at finding the drivers of the Islamic city by examining the related documents and texts (Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah) through "interpretive phenomenological analysis". Result: The results of the study place the drivers of the Islamic city in three categories: monotheism, justice and security. Conclusion: Monotheism as the first driver, is a fundamental keyword in the realization of the Islamic school and a prominent feature in the appearance of Islamic cities and its inhabitants. The development of the concept of monotheism, which can lead to the realization of the Islamic city, is formed in accordance with the works of the Islamic references through social capital and the realization of good spiritual governance. Justice is the second driver identified by the present study to explain the characteristics of the Islamic city. Apart from the religion of Islam and its persistent emphasis on the realization of the principle of justice among Muslims and the recommendation to its realization, justice is the key word and the main goal of all approaches and theories to achieve a livable and human-oriented city. Security, as the basis for the existence of any residential area and the continuation of the process of life and development, is the third identified driver for the realization of the Islamic city. Background: Considering the huge volume of studies conducted in the field of Islamic city during the last century; The amount, variety and sometimes contradictions and fragmentation of the results of these studies on the one hand and the need to precisely answer the unanswered questions in this field on the other hand; Also, the necessity of principled action in order to formulate the theoretical foundations of the Islamic city, the importance of this research can be considered as an effort to explain the concept of the Islamic city. Objective: This study extracts and identifies the drivers of the Islamic city from reliable jurisprudential sources (Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah). Method: The present study is an exploratory and qualitative research. This study aimed at finding the drivers of the Islamic city by examining the related documents and texts (Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah) through "interpretive phenomenological analysis". Result: The results of the study place the drivers of the Islamic city in three categories: monotheism, justice and security. Conclusion: Monotheism as the first driver, is a fundamental keyword in the realization of the Islamic school and a prominent feature in the appearance of Islamic cities and its inhabitants. The development of the concept of monotheism, which can lead to the realization of the Islamic city, is formed in accordance with the works of the Islamic references through social capital and the realization of good spiritual governance. Justice is the second driver identified by the present study to explain the characteristics of the Islamic city. Apart from the religion of Islam and its persistent emphasis on the realization of the principle of justice among Muslims and the recommendation to its realization, justice is the key word and the main goal of all approaches and theories to achieve a livable and human-oriented city. Security, as the basis for the existence of any residential area and the continuation of the process of life and development, is the third identified driver for the realization of the Islamic city.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_6228_e1cc429c9917a1f9005a09297dc592c2.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 6 4 2023 01 21 Explaining the Effective Factors on Regional Competitiveness with Spatial Planning Approach in West Azarbaijan Province Explaining the Effective Factors on Regional Competitiveness with Spatial Planning Approach in West Azarbaijan Province 90 109 6253 10.22124/upk.2023.22748.1795 FA Behnaz Jabbarnezhad Urmia University 0000-0003-0161-2239 Mir Najaf Mousavi Professor of Geography and Urban planning, Urmia University Vahid Mohammadnezhad urmia university Journal Article 2022 08 04 Competitiveness has a great impact on regional growth and development, this approach seeks to identify the root factors that influence the development of a region and estimate its effectiveness in order to achieve sustainable regional development. The need to achieve competitiveness and to know the strengths and weaknesses of the regions requires the use of a comprehensive program such as land development.Azerbaijan Province It is one of the big industrial, mining, agricultural and tourism hubs in the northwest of the country,Using the principles of land surveying and regional connectivity can play a significant role in the export of competitive goods and removing the obstacles to achieving the maximum efficiency of the capabilities of this province in order to achieve sustainable development.Factor and cluster analysis methods were used to measure regional inequalities, determine the final score and level the development of the regions.In the next stage, using Topsis and Metaswot software, the capabilities of the regions were evaluated and solutions and strategies were presented for regional competitiveness. Urmia city is ranked first due to factors such as the high level of entrepreneurship and business sectors, research and development of technology, human capital, and production capital.Yes.The second place is Mahabad, Naqdeh, Bukan, Mako,Khoi cities, the reasons for that are high innovative activities and the skills of the research and development workforce.The cities of Piranshahr, Miandoab, Selmas, Takab, also in the third place and the cities of Shahindej, Sardasht, Ashnoye,Chaldaran, Chaypare, Poldasht, Shut are in the fourth place. goods and services with an average score of 6.50 and the factor of creating the necessary conditions to attract the participation of people and the private sector in operation and management is 6.2 and the lowest score is related to the factor of targeted support for the export of goods and services in proportion to the added value with a rate of 0.7Among the external factors, people's tendency to invest in the private sector, mechanized agriculture, being adjacent to the Aras commercial-industrial free zone, and creating potential tourism centers are the most appropriate. It is for sustainable development based on land use in the province Competitiveness has a great impact on regional growth and development, this approach seeks to identify the root factors that influence the development of a region and estimate its effectiveness in order to achieve sustainable regional development. The need to achieve competitiveness and to know the strengths and weaknesses of the regions requires the use of a comprehensive program such as land development.Azerbaijan Province It is one of the big industrial, mining, agricultural and tourism hubs in the northwest of the country,Using the principles of land surveying and regional connectivity can play a significant role in the export of competitive goods and removing the obstacles to achieving the maximum efficiency of the capabilities of this province in order to achieve sustainable development.Factor and cluster analysis methods were used to measure regional inequalities, determine the final score and level the development of the regions.In the next stage, using Topsis and Metaswot software, the capabilities of the regions were evaluated and solutions and strategies were presented for regional competitiveness. Urmia city is ranked first due to factors such as the high level of entrepreneurship and business sectors, research and development of technology, human capital, and production capital.Yes.The second place is Mahabad, Naqdeh, Bukan, Mako,Khoi cities, the reasons for that are high innovative activities and the skills of the research and development workforce.The cities of Piranshahr, Miandoab, Selmas, Takab, also in the third place and the cities of Shahindej, Sardasht, Ashnoye,Chaldaran, Chaypare, Poldasht, Shut are in the fourth place. goods and services with an average score of 6.50 and the factor of creating the necessary conditions to attract the participation of people and the private sector in operation and management is 6.2 and the lowest score is related to the factor of targeted support for the export of goods and services in proportion to the added value with a rate of 0.7Among the external factors, people's tendency to invest in the private sector, mechanized agriculture, being adjacent to the Aras commercial-industrial free zone, and creating potential tourism centers are the most appropriate. It is for sustainable development based on land use in the province

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_6253_68039b57f9c56474024b6588f950b593.pdf

University of Guilan Urban Planning Knowledge 2645-5412 6 4 2023 01 21 A Comparative Investigation of the Urban Form Effects on Citizens’ Health, A Case Study: Regions of 3 and 4 in Urmia City A Comparative Investigation of the Urban Form Effects on Citizens’ Health, A Case Study: Regions of 3 and 4 in Urmia City 110 124 6255 10.22124/upk.2023.23262.1816 FA Sahar Basharatdeh Master Student, , faculty of architecture ,urban planning and art, University of Urumia, Urumia, Iran Ghader Ahmadi Ph.D, Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Art &amp; Architecture Faculty,University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran Sajjad Akbari Balderlu Ph.D, Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, , Art and; Architecture Faculty,,University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran Journal Article 2022 11 16 Rapid growth of urbanization and physical expansion of cities in the recent decades have been accompanied by many negative consequences in different aspects. One of these consequences is the reduction of citizens’ health under the effects of factors such as car dependency, reduction in walkability (as daily physical activity) and inappropriate distribution of activities. In this regard, the issue of health in city has been considered in the recent years. Theatrical studies show that the urban form, which includes a set of physical and non-physical features in the city, affects the increase or decrease of residents’ health. So, the goal of this study is an investigation on the relation between urban form and citizens’ health in Urmia city. In another word, this research wants to recognize the most important elements of urban form which have more effects on public health. The method of this study is descriptive- analytical and also practical- developmental. Data collection is based on documentary studies and survey (distributing a questionnaire among the residents of region 3 and 4). For analysis, TOPSIS method is used. The results of this study showed that among eleven urban form elements in three environmental, social and physical categories, the amount of fabric compactness is the most effective factor on the citizens’ health and after that, there are mixed-use, the quality of pedestrian space, the air quality and the quality of green spaces. The results of TOPSIS analysis showed that according to the residents’ perspectives, the current situation of form in region 4 has more effects on urban health and this show that urban compact form (and its elements) has more effects on public health in comparison with urban sprawl (region 3). These findings are compatible to the theatrical studies. According to the successful pattern of dense development in Urmia city, it is necessary for the health of the citizens Urban planners pay more attention to this aspect of development and development policies of this type of development process to provide. Rapid growth of urbanization and physical expansion of cities in the recent decades have been accompanied by many negative consequences in different aspects. One of these consequences is the reduction of citizens’ health under the effects of factors such as car dependency, reduction in walkability (as daily physical activity) and inappropriate distribution of activities. In this regard, the issue of health in city has been considered in the recent years. Theatrical studies show that the urban form, which includes a set of physical and non-physical features in the city, affects the increase or decrease of residents’ health. So, the goal of this study is an investigation on the relation between urban form and citizens’ health in Urmia city. In another word, this research wants to recognize the most important elements of urban form which have more effects on public health. The method of this study is descriptive- analytical and also practical- developmental. Data collection is based on documentary studies and survey (distributing a questionnaire among the residents of region 3 and 4). For analysis, TOPSIS method is used. The results of this study showed that among eleven urban form elements in three environmental, social and physical categories, the amount of fabric compactness is the most effective factor on the citizens’ health and after that, there are mixed-use, the quality of pedestrian space, the air quality and the quality of green spaces. The results of TOPSIS analysis showed that according to the residents’ perspectives, the current situation of form in region 4 has more effects on urban health and this show that urban compact form (and its elements) has more effects on public health in comparison with urban sprawl (region 3). These findings are compatible to the theatrical studies. According to the successful pattern of dense development in Urmia city, it is necessary for the health of the citizens Urban planners pay more attention to this aspect of development and development policies of this type of development process to provide.

https://upk.guilan.ac.ir/article_6255_6f6c1eac2dbfa4e4099145b26272df75.pdf