Redefining the Building Placement Urbanism Regulations With an Approach to The Conservation of The Historical Urban Fabrics: A Case Study of Lahijān City

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Arts, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

Abstract

The current research was an attempt to reconsider one of the key regulations in the contemporary building control system pertaining to the historical fabrics of the old cities in the southern coasts of the Caspian sea. It specifically concentrated on the building placement and the plot coverage regulations. These two interwoven regulations perform as a mediator between the urban design and the architectural design disciplines. The research emphasized that these regulations should be based on the vernacular building placement patterns.  In this paper, first a report was presented on  the negative effects of the current building placement and the plot coverage regulations. After that it was attempted to identify the principal characteristics of a desirable approach to the topic based  on an analysis of a number of the relevant international experiments. Next, as a case study, the historical urban fabric of Lahijān city, an old city in the Guilān province, was examined. An  examination of the aerial photos of the city, and the extensive field visits indicated that in the vernacular architecture of Lahijān city, there were two main types of the building placement patterns. First and the most common pattern was the perimiter placement of the residential building(s) in a plot of land. It could take 15 different forms.  The second pattern was a pavilion-like placement pattern which could take 5 different forms of arrangement. In order to investigate the frequency of each pattern, in the aerial photo of the city of 1956, the whole city was divided into 50 square pieces among which 10 pieces were selected and examined. In each piece, the number of houses that used any one of those placement patterns was calculated. In sum, 286 houses were examined and the most popular patterns were identified. These vernacular patterns could be used as a basis for rewriting the relevant regulations.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

عزیزی، محمد مهدی. (1382). تراکم در شهرسازی: اصول و معیارهای تعیین تراکم شهری. مؤسسه انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
بنیادی، ناصر. (1377). تحول گرایش های فرهنگی در ضوابط معماری. نما/ نشریه سازمان نظام مهندسی ساختمان استان اصفهان، 1 و 2، 12-15.
بهرام غفاری، محسن. (1385). وضع کنترل ساختمان در شهرداری پایتخت و چند پیشنهاد. ماهنامه شمس، 20، 8-17.
پوراحمدی، مجتبی. (1395). مدلی برای کیفیت کارکرد مقررات ساختمانی در طراحی معماری از منظر طراحی پژوهی. رساله دکتری. دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران.
پوراحمدی، مجتبی. معماری خانه های قاجاری لاهیجان و نظام کنترل ساختمانی مرتبط با آن. (منتشر نشده)، رشت: دانشگاه گیلان.
پیرنیا، محمد کریم. (1370). درباره شهرسازی و معماری سنتی ایران. آبادی، 1(2)، 4-15.
دفتر تدوین مقررات ملی ساختمان. (1396). مبحث چهارم: الزامات عمومی ساختمان. ویرایش سوم. تهران: مرکز تحقیقات راه، مسکن و شهرسازی.
سازمان میراث فرهنگی، صنایع دستی و گردشگری استان گیلان، بی تا، تعیین حریم و ضوابط و مقررات ساخت و ساز خانه های تاریخی محله انارستان شهر املش. آرشیو.
مهاجر میلانی، آزاده و عینی فر، علیرضا. (1396). تاثیر ضابطه 60% + 2 بر مسکن ردیفی متداول تهران. فصلنامه مدیریت شهری، 48، 49- 64.
مهندسان مشاور پویا نقش شهر و بنا. (1392). طرح جامع شهر لاهیجان: ضوابط و مقررات (جلد چهارم). رشت: اداره کل راه و شهرسازی استان گیلان.
Baer, W. C. (1997). Toward design of regulations for the built environment. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 24(1), 37-57.
Conant, R. C., & Ross Ashby, W. (1970). Every good regulator of a system must be a model of that system. International journal of systems science, 1(2), 89-97.
Corsini, M. G. (1997). Residential building types in Italy before 1930: the significance of local typological processes. Urban morphology, 1(1), 34-48.
Duany, A., Sorlien, S., & Wright, W. (2009). Smart Code: version 9.2. The Town Paper.
Firestone, Michael (1992). New Development in the Context of a 19th Century Neighborhood: A Design for a Day Care Center in Maskeret Moshe, Jerusalem. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Gangler, A. (1996). Bukhara from the Russian Conquest to the Present. A. Petruccioli, Bukhara, the myth and the architecture, Cambridge (Massachusetts), Agha Khan program for islamic architecture. 145-160.
Hakim, B. (2016). Mediterranean urbanism: Historic Urban / Building Rules and Processes. Springer.
Hakim, B. S. (2001). Reviving the Rule System: An approach for revitalizing traditional towns in Maghrib. Cities, 18(2), 87-92.
Jun, N. I., & Yoon, C. S. (2012). A typological comparison of tri-form urban hanok in modern housing districts in Seoul. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 11(2), 231-238.
Kropf, K. (1993). An enquiry into the definition of urban form in urban morphology. Phd Dissertation, University of Birmingham.
Kropf, K. S. (1996). An alternative approach to zoning in France: typology, historical character and development control. European Planning Studies, 4(6), 717-737.
Larkham, P.J. (1998). Urban Morphology and Typology in the United Kingdom, In Petruccioli, Attilio (Ed); Typological Process and design theory, Agha Khan program for Islamic Architecture, Conference proceedings, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Oliveira, V. (2006). The morphological dimension of municipal plans. Urban Morphology, 10(2), 101-13.
Plunz, R. (2016). A history of housing in New York City. Columbia University Press.
Shayesteh, H., & Steadman, P. (2013). The impacts of regulations and legislation on residential built forms in Tehran. The Journal of Space Syntax, 4(1), 92-107.
Talen, E. (2009). Design by the rules: The historical underpinnings of form-based codes. Journal of the American Planning Association, 75(2), 144-160.
URLs
URL 1. maps.google.com. accessed: 2019/04/07
URL 2. Mairie De Paris (2016) Paris Land Use Plan. accessed: 2019/04/07
https://api-site-cdn.paris.fr/images/102657
URL 3. City of Santa Clarita, OLD TOWN NEWHALL SPECIFIC PLAN, Adopted: December 22, 2005, Revised: December 12, 2017, Chapter 4. accessed: 2019/04/07
https://www.santa-clarita.com/city-hall/departments/community-development/planning/old-town-newhall-specific-plan
URL 4. City of Santa Ana, TRANSIT ZONING CODE, SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT 84, Division 4: Architectural Standards/Building Types, p 4:15. accessed: 2019/04/07
https://www.santa-ana.org/pb/transit-zoning-code
Urban Planning Knowledge
Volume 3, Issue 2 - Serial Number 7
September 2019
Pages 65-82

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 16 June 2019
  • Revise Date: 15 August 2019
  • Accept Date: 23 August 2019

Share

How to cite

Statistics