Theoretical Interaction of Principles and Indicators of Urban Design in Adaptation to the Climate Change and Redefining Its Position

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D Candidate, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Background: Climate change and sustainability have become the biggest challenges of the present era since the 1970s. Among the elements of human construction that are effective in climate change, cities are the first priority. At present, climate change and its effects have accounted for a wide range of urban and urban issues Cities occupy a very small percentage of the planet, but consume an extraordinary share of its resources. The impact of urban development (building and transportation) on climate change in developed countries is up to about 60% and in developing countries is about 80%. One of the theories of climate change is the impact of humans on the natural environment. Urbanization is contributing to climate change by changing energy consumption due to increased greenhouse gas emissions. However, the theoretical foundations for sustainable urbanization are very limited, and on the other hand, the issue of increasing the rate of climate change has left this challenge as the world's biggest concern.
Objectives: The purpose of this paper was to redefine the interactive principles of urban design and the phenomenon of climate change and also introducing its indicators in the design structure.
Methodology: It was a pure research with interpretive approach. Techniques used in this approach were qualitative content analysis. The data was collected using Delphi method at two-stages by semi-structured and closed questionnaires. They were distributed among 25 experts and the quantitative analysis of the data was done using the network analysis.
Results: The achievement of the present study was to redefine the principles of the urban design in the urban elements (buildings/natural open spaces, public open spaces, streets and passages as the urban space / the exchange and transportation space), to introduce the design indicators and metrics for each principle including the climate comfort, the pollution reduction, the context and field coordination, the use of the renewable energy and the environmental protection.
Conclusion: This paper discusses that the climate change and urban design have a two-way interaction, and in order to control the climate change, its indicators should be considered in the urban design.

Highlights

Urban design elements are classified into three general categories: buildings, open spaces, and exchange spaces.

In the central context of cities, the coefficient of the importance of the design principles in indicators such as the communication network pattern, the type of the transportation system and the function and performance of buildings is higher.

Keywords

References

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History

  • Receive Date: 19 October 2019
  • Revise Date: 16 December 2019
  • Accept Date: 08 April 2020

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