Typology of Research Method in Urban Morphology to Increase Climate Justice with the Approach of Reducing Energy Consumption

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture and Art, Islamic Azad University of Mahshhad, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Associate Professor of Department of Urbanism, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

10.22124/upk.2024.24462.1865

Abstract

Introduction: No one is immune from climate change, and it is a global challenge that casts the biggest shadow on cities. The IPCC's 2021 Sixth Assessment Report calls for action to reduce the magnitude of climate change (Mega, 2022). Climate changes caused by urban development affect not only temperature changes but also other climate parameters such as precipitation, humidity, and air quality, and lead to long-term changes in the microclimates, which is one of the influencing factors. The shape and texture of the city aims to reduce the temperature of the city and reduce the energy consumption of the city (Pour Amin, Behzad Far & Rezaei Rad; 2022). The aim is to explain the conceptualization of urban morphology and its effect on the amount of energy consumption and its result in the formation of climatic patterns through the review of joint research methodology between the two theories of climate justice and urban morphology with the approach of reducing energy consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to answer the main question of how the methodological processes and applied methods are used in the two parts of information gathering and statistical analysis in the studies of this field.
Methodology: In this article, the methodology of the previous research was analyzed using the meta-method. After determining the main research question to collect the primary research information based on PRISMA order, selected articles from 2015 to 2022 that had more appropriate methodological structure and theoretical coherence were reviewed and screened. Then, the selected articles were analyzed by coding and coding using Saunders research onion model and content analysis using meta-analysis method.
Results: Finally, to analyze and combine the qualitative results, the sequential explanatory design method was used to combine quantitative and qualitative data. Then, using MAXQDA text analysis software, the categories and codes of the articles were extracted to identify the types of analysis methods and tools used for each variable. Of the 89 articles and dissertations, 30 articles were selected that were close to the research topic. The analysis methods and instruments in these articles were coded using the Code Relation Matrix. Saunders' research onion model was used to determine the nature of the targeted analysis of the articles (Saunders, Lewis, & Thonhill, 2007). The philosophical system of research relates to the theoretical discourse of positivism with objectivist ontology and epistemology through visual senses, experimental, or comparative analysis.
Discussion: The research strategy is the type of basic studies with the comparative approach of hypothesis testing, where 40% of the articles used the quantitative research method, 33% used the qualitative method, and 27% used the mixed method. Collecting information according to the quantitative weight of data is based on the paradigms of positivism and meta-positivism, with analogical and inductive approaches that include various experiments and surveys (Creswell, 2016, 36). Therefore, a number of common analysis components and methods were found in the reviewed articles. Then, a meta-analysis of the combined modeling of the role of urban morphology with the approach of reducing energy consumption in line with the premise of climate justice was discussed, which was obtained from the results of MAXQDA qualitative analysis software. In this conceptual modeling, the constituent components of each variable and their analytical tools, obtained according to the research topic based on the results of the analysis of the reviewed articles, were discussed.
Examining the methodological gap in research:
·        Lack of clear and consistent definitions for research variables due to the scope of the topic.
·        Lack of access to accurate statistics and climate databases in the Middle East, especially Iran.
·        Lack of access to the amounts of energy produced and consumed in buildings and transportation that contribute to heat island formation.
Conclusion: In this research urban morphology is influenced by climatic, social, cultural, economic and geographical conditions in a reciprocal relationship, and energy consumption. According to the studies conducted by meta-analysis of selected articles, more than 60% of the articles were quantitative and mixed, mostly quantitative with experimental and survey strategies. Through meta-analysis of selected sources, this article attempts to provide a variety of experiences in an understandable range for researchers in urban design and planning to identify differences and similarities based on certain criteria.

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Main Subjects

References

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Urban Planning Knowledge
Volume 8, Issue 1
March 2024
Pages 22-40

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  • Receive Date: 28 May 2023
  • Revise Date: 19 September 2023
  • Accept Date: 01 June 2024

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