نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، طراحی شهری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، طراحی شهری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction: Unstoppable urban development alongside natural and human ecological factors have accelerated transformations in historical contexts and ancient structures, including heritage buildings and old urban spaces. This inevitable metamorphosis often results in qualitative degradation and physical deterioration, diminishing the sense of belonging to rich cultural and historical values. Such degradation contradicts the fact that historical contexts are irreplaceable treasures, filled with the culture and history of our ancestors and featuring valuable pieces of architecture and urban heritage. Consequently, this research aims to compile a checklist of urban space obsolescence indicators and their evaluation criteria to improve the quality of these spaces in terms of physical and cultural features. The concept of various types of obsolescence in the Adaptive Reuse Potential (ARP) model is adjusted, and indicators of blight and urban decay in historical contexts are discussed. A model is provided to evaluate the deterioration of urban open spaces based on the principles of the Place model. To apply the derived indicators and assess the decline in a sample urban space, the old Darb-Sheikh squareSquare, in front of Sheikh Rouzbahan's tomb, has been selected as an example of a neighborhood open space.
Methodology: This applied research employs a descriptive-analytical approach. The literature review was conducted using the library research method, while historical documents were analyzed to understand the metamorphosis of the physical qualities and form of the studied urban space. To investigate the rate of decline in Darb-Sheikh Square, ten experts identified through the snowball method visited the area and filled out a questionnaire based on a 5-option Likert scale.
Results: The evaluation results by experts provide scores for all indicators of deterioration for Darb-Sheikh Square. According to the findings, there is less decline in the comfort and image index compared to other indices, followed by sociability. Conversely, the access and connectivity index, followed by the activity and land use index, has declined the most.
Discussion: Despite its historical interests, specific uses, and local businesses as primary income generators, as well as a relatively well-distributed population density and high adaptability of buildings, Darb-Sheikh Square lacks dynamism and vitality. This is due to the unwillingness of users and the private sector to invest in this area, and the absence of recreational and entertaining services, local events, green and open spaces, and the presence of abandoned structures. Additionally, visual disturbances, poor hygiene, and cleanliness, lack of security, low safety of architectural elements, non-compliance of buildings with standards, deficient urban infrastructure, and poor quality of existing building materials and structures have caused dissatisfaction among users and residents, rendering the urban space inappropriate in terms of visual and comfort qualities. Although the historicity of this space and its proximity to Sheikh Rouzbahan’s tomb foster a sense of belonging, issues such as mismanagement, lack of day and night activities, and insufficient inclusive services prevent the square from being a space for social interactions and friendly meetings. Consequently, it is not positively perceived by citizens. Despite some factors facilitating accessibility to Darb-Sheikh Square, such as its location on a legible path, proximity to trading centers and urban markets, and adequate access to public parking, various unattractive features render it an undesirable and almost deserted urban space.
Conclusion: This research successfully tested the fitting of obsolescence indicators from the literature related to the adaptive reuse of buildings to the qualitative assessment of urban spaces. The goal was to determine which indicators can estimate the quality or deterioration of an urban area and what strategies should be used to overcome any manifestation of obsolescence. The indicators derived from this research can be used to develop various improvement interventions in the design and management of urban spaces in historical and heritage contexts.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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