واکاوی ابعاد و عوامل مشروعیت یک نظام‌ شهرسازی (با تکیه بر متون نظری جهانی و تحلیل نظر خبرگان داخلی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد شهرسازی، دانشکده شهرسازی، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 پژوهشگر دوره دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده شهرسازی، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مفهوم مشروعیت و مفاهیم نزدیک به آن چون حقانیت، موجه بودن، اعتبار و ...، همواره جزو حوزه­های مورد توجه ساختارهای سیاسی و نظام­های عمومی و حتی خصوصی بوده است. اما با وجود استفاده بلاغی از این مفهوم در گفتمان­های جاری در حوزه سیاسی، کمتر به دلالت­های آن در زیرنظام­های تخصصی یک حکومت، از جمله یک نظام شهرسازی، پرداخته شده است. در پژوهش حاضر سعی بر آن بوده تا ابعاد و عوامل مشروعیت یک نظام شهرسازی، هم از طریق مرور ادبیات و متون دانشگاهی و تخصصی و هم از خلال مصاحبه با 23 خبره عرصه شهرسازی در ایران، مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. نتایج نشان می­دهد که در کل تفاوت و شکاف شناختی چندانی میان محتوای متون جهانی و مجموع ادراک خبرگان داخلی در زمینه ابعاد و عوامل مشروعیت یک نظام شهرسازی وجود ندارد و در مجموع به 17 عامل مشروعیت در 4 بعد سیاسی-اجتماعی، قانونی، هنجاری و فنی-عملکردی رسیدیم. سپس با ادامه مصاحبه با 16 تن از این خبرگان، ارتباط درونی و اندرکنش­های بالقوه میان این عوامل با روش «نگاشت ادراکی فازی»، مورد تفحص قرار گرفته و در نهایت بر پایه شاخص ترکیبی حاصل از میانگین­گیری از مقدار نرمالیزه سه شاخص فراوانی، مرکزیت و مجموع شدت اثرگذاری بالقوه عوامل و ابعاد برپایه اولویت و اهمیتشان مرتب شدند. نتایج نشان می­دهد که در مجموع، بعد قانونی دارای بیشترین امتیاز بوده و ابعاد سیاسی-اجتماعی، فنی-عملکردی و هنجاری در رده­های بعدی اهمیت قرار گرفته­اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

An Investigation of the Dimensions and Factors of Legitimacy of an Urban Planning System (Based on Literature Review and Iranian Experts’ Opinion Polling)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyyed-Hossein Bahrainy 1
  • Ebrahim Zargari-Marandi 2
  • Esfandiar Zebardast 1
1 Urban Planning Faculty, Fine Art Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD Candidate, faculty of Urban Planning (Urbanism), Fine Arts Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The concept of legitimacy along with its close meanings and implications such as righteousness, justification, validity, etc. has always been one of the domains of interest in political structures and public and even private systems. However, despite the rhetorical use of this concept in the current discourses in the political arena, its implications in the specialized sub-systems of a government, including an urban planning and development system, are less discussed. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the dimensions and factors of legitimacy of an urban planning and development system through reviewing scholarly literature, as well as interviews with 23 experts and elites in the field of urban planning in Iran. The results showed that there is no significant difference and epistemic gap between the content of the studies in global literature and the total perception of the domestic experts regarding the dimensions and factors of legitimacy of an urban planning system. In total, 17 factors of legitimacy in four dimensions, namely, political-social, legal, normative, and technical-functional were identified. Subsequently, through interviewing 16 out of 23 of the participating experts, the internal relationship and potential interactions among these factors were investigated by ‘fuzzy cognitive mapping’ method. Finally, based on the composite indicator resulting from the averaged normalized value of three indicators, namely, frequency, centrality, and total intensity of potential impact of each factor and dimension on other factors in the network, the factors and dimensions were sorted out based on their score. The results revealed that the legal dimension had the highest score overall and the political-social, technical-functional, and normative dimensions ranked next in order.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Urban planning and development system
  • Legitimacy factors
  • Fuzzy cognitive map
  • Iran

منتشلو، فرهاد، آقاعلی، بهمن و کشاورز امامی، افسانه (1392). منبع مشروعیت برنامه ریزی و برنامه ریزان. ارائه شده در: اولین همایش ملی شهرسازی و معماری در گذر زمان، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی، قزوین، ایران (30 اردیبهشت 1392).

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