رهیافتی به آموزه‌های مفهوم شهر اسلامی برای شهرسازی امروز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه آموزشی شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 گروه برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره) قزوین، قزوین، ایران

چکیده

بیان‌مسئله: گرچه در یک قرن اخیر، مقوله شهر اسلامی موردتوجه پژوهشگران بوده است؛ همچنان شاهد وجود سؤالات و ابهامات بسیاری در این زمینه هستیم. با توجه به فقر نظریه‌پردازی علمی در جوامع اسلامی از سویی و ظرفیت نظری جهان‌بینی اسلامی از سویی دیگر، نیازمند شناسایی ماهیت شهر اسلامی جهت کاربست آن در شهرسازی با قابلیت پاسخگویی به نیازها و معضلات شهرسازی روز دنیا هستیم.
هدف: هدف این پژوهش، بررسی چیستی شهر اسلامی و ضرورت‌های شهرسازانه مبتنی بر آن، تحلیل رویکردهای حاکم بر مطالعات موجود و ارائه مفهومی کل‌نگر برای آن است.
روش: این پژوهش به لحاظ هدف، از نوع بنیادی و به لحاظ روش انجام، از نوع توصیفی تحلیلی است. در گردآوری داده‌ها در این پژوهش کیفی، از اسناد و منابع کتابخانه‌ای بهره گرفته و در تجزیه‌وتحلیل یافته‌ها نیز از روش‌های تحلیل محتوا و فراتحلیل استفاده‌شده است.
یافته‌ها: مطالعات صورت گرفته در حوزه شهر اسلامی را می‌توان در چهار مقوله اصلی دسته‌بندی کرد: کالبد شهر اسلامی، ماهیت اجتماعی شهر اسلامی، حاکمیت و مدیریت شهر اسلامی و فلسفه صدرایی و بعد عدالت شهر اسلامی. مفاهیم ثانویه بعد کالبدی شامل مسجدمحوری، درون‌گرایی، محله‌محوری و طبیعت‌گرایی، مفاهیم ثانویه بعد ماهیت اجتماعی شامل امنیت اجتماعی، اخلاق شهروندی، نظارت اجتماعی، مشارکت اجتماعی، عدالت اجتماعی، تکالیف اجتماعی، تعاملات مستحکم اجتماعی و همسایگی، مفاهیم ثانویه بعد حاکمیت و مدیریتی شامل حاکمیت الهی،  مدیریت اسلامی و رونق اقتصادی و مفاهیم ثانویه بعد فلسفه اسلامی ملاصدرا و عدالت اجتماعی شامل سیاست­ها و رهبری آرمان‌شهر، مشارکت شهروندان، عدالت در آرمان‌شهر و رشد و توسعه فرآیندی است.
نتیجه­ گیری: مطابق نتایج فراتحلیل، مقوله‌های مذکور، نمی‌توانند به‌تنهایی ماهیت شهر اسلامی را به‌گونه‌ای قابل تسری به ازمنه و امکنه گوناگون تبیین نمایند. ماهیت شهر اسلامی مطلق نبوده بلکه نسبی و بر پایه عدالت است و شهرها می‌توانند در طی درجات کمال خود به سمت اسلامی‌تر شدن حرکت نمایند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

An Approach to the Teachings of the Concept of the Islamic City for Today’s Urban Planning

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sarah Harzandi 1
  • mohammad massoud 2
  • naser barati 3
1 Department of urban design, Faculty of architecture and urban design, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2 Department of Urban planning, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
3 Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture & Urban Planning, University of Imam Khomeini International , Qazvin, Iran
چکیده [English]

For over a century, the subject of Islamic city has been systematically considered by various researchers for various purposes. This study aims to investigate the quiddity of an Islamic city and the urban planning needs based on it. The research data is qualitative and in the data collection, the library method has been used. Content analysis and meta-analysis methods have been used in the analysis of the findings. The results of the research indicate that after the documentary studies, the studies conducted in the Islamic city so far can be classified into four main categories: The physical aspect of the Islamic city, the social nature of the Islamic city, the governance and management of the Islamic city and the relation of philosophy of Mulla Sadra and the justice aspect of the Islamic city. Secondary concepts of the physical dimension include mosque-orientation, introversion, neighborhood- orientation, and naturalism, which include 11 primary concepts and 50 primary codes. Secondary concepts of social nature include social security, civic ethics, social supervision, social participation, social justice, social duties, strong social interactions, neighborhood, which includes 7 concepts and 50 primary codes. Secondary concepts of governance and management include divine sovereignty, Islamic management and economic prosperity, which includes 6 concepts and 28 primary codes. Secondary concepts of Mulla Sadra's Islamic philosophy and social justice include utopia policies and leadership, citizen participation, utopian justice, and physical dimensions, which include 4 concepts and 9 primary codes. The results of the analyzes show that none of the mentioned discussion groups can explain the nature and meaning of the Islamic city in a testable way for various possibilities of place and time, lonely. The Islamic city does not have an absolute nature and has a relative nature. Based on justice, cities can move towards becoming more Islamic during their degrees of perfection.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Islamic city
  • justice
  • social nature of the city
  • urban fabric
  • Sadra philosophy
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